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No, they only transform light energy to electrical energy. If they are connected to a battery the battery will be able to store the electrical energy.
nuclear energy
Dielectric constant is a measure of the ability of a substance to store electrical energy.
That's not the role of an inverter. An inverter is used to change DC to AC, NOT to store energy. If you want to store electrical energy, consider a battery.
A generator doesn't really have any significant amount of energy; it is supposed to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy - but it doesn't store it.
No, they only transform light energy to electrical energy. If they are connected to a battery the battery will be able to store the electrical energy.
Capacitors, inductors, and batteries all store electrical energy.
electrical, chemical, heat, and light energy
batteries
To my knowledge Benjamin Franklin did not store lightning energy in a bottle. There were capacitors called Leyden flasks at the time which could store electrical energy.
You can store it in a battery or by pumping water uphill.
A Battery or a capacitor.
Chemical energy. Batteries also convert chemical energy to electrical energy.
Not quite sure what you mean; a current, by definition, is a flow of electric charges. You can convert electrical energy to some other type of energy, and store the ENERGY, which can then be converted back later (there will always be some losses, of course), but it isn't clear what you mean by "store electrical current".
nuclear energy
They're operated by the use of propulsion devices specially developed for the manned space program, in the form of packages that store electrical energy, called "batteries", and devices mounted to the wheels which convert the stored electrical energy into mechanical energy, code-named "motors".
Automotive batteries are simply electrical storage devices. They store electrical energy for use next time you need to start the engine. The ALTERNATOR turns mechanical energy into electrical energy to recharge the battery.