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There are so many examples of adaptation in mammals, and far too many to list. Here is just a small selection.

  • Kangaroos: Kangaroos love in a country where the conditions change from beinLucas's and fertile to drought-ridden. In many species, the female spends most of her adult life pregnant, but in drought times, she has the ability to indefinitely "freeze" the development of the young embryo until food sources are replenished. The mother can also produce two different types of milk to suit the needs of two different aged joeys. She might have a more mature joey that spends less time in the pouch, while a very young embryo has attached itself to a teat. Each joey has different milk requirements - which the mother is able to supply. Kangaroos also have large, strong tendons in their hind legs which act as "springs". The springing motion requires less energy than running does, so kangaroos are able to bound for longer distances than other mammals with the standard four legs can run. They have strong back legs and elongated hind feet for bounding.
  • Kangaroo rats: In order to survive the heat and dryness of their environment, kangaroo rats burrow into the dirt, in order to take away the top layer, which is heated by the Sun, to get to the cool dirt underneath. They also obtain most of their moisture needs from the food they eat, and do not need to take in extra water. Kangaroo rats have well developed hind legs. The animal uses its legs to escape from predators, and it is able to leap very high, despite its small size.
  • Koalas: Koalas live in eucalyptus trees and eat only a few types of gum leaves from which they get all nutrients and water requirements. Eucalyptus leaves are tough, toxic and low in nutrition, but the koala has developed a stomach which is capable of removing the toxins from where they are filtered out by the liver. this enables the koala to feed exclusively on a plant that gives little or no nutrition to other creatures.
  • Platypuses: Platypuses are semi-aquatic, living on land but hunting for food in water. Thus, they have webbed feet with a retracting webbed membrane which can expose the claws, enabling the platypus to effectively dig burrows. Their claws are used for digging burrows into riverbanks for shelter, and the webbing membrane retracts for that purpose, but spreads between their toes when they need to swim - which they need to do to get their food.
  • Dolphins: Dolphins are marine mammals, spending all their life in water. The shape of its fins is an adaptation. A dolphin's tail goes up and down to help it dive up to get air (compared to a fish's back fin which moves side to side). The shape of their fins also helps to propel them through the water. Also, to help dolphins save oxygen while they dive underwater, their heart beats slower during a dive and their blood is diverted from other parts of the body to their heart, lungs, and brain. Dolphins also save oxygen via their muscles, which have a protein called myoglobin, which in turn stores oxygen. In addition, dolphins have blubber, or fat, which provides insulation, helping the dolphin stay warm in cold water.
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