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Living organisms require organic compoundsfor food. Organic refers to molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen. Examples of organic nutrients are carbohydrates (sugars, starches), lipids, and proteins.
Autotrophs are organisms that make their own organic food. Heterotrophs consume food that is already present in the environment. For example, plants are autotrophs because they make their own food by photosynthesis. Animals are heterotrophs because they obtain their food by eating it.
Autotrophic Prokaryotes
There are two kinds of Autotrophic prokaryotes. Those that make organic food using energy from sunlight are photosynthetic. Autotrophs that make organic food using energy from inorganic chemicals are chemosynthetic.
Photosynthetic Prokaryotes
The first photosynthetic prokaryotes to evolve did not produce oxygen.
Cyanobacteria evolved later with the same kinds of chlorophyll found in plants. During photosynthesis, water (H2O) molecules are split and O2 molecules are released. The balanced equation is below.
Energy + CO2 (carbon dioxide) + H2O becomes C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2
The green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria do not split water during photosynthesis. Instead, they split H2S; oxygen is therefore not released.
Photosynthetic prokaryotes have extensions of theplasma membrane called thylakoids. Many of the molecules needed in the reactions of photosynthesis are found within thethylakoid membrane.
Chemosynthetic Prokaryotes
Chemosynthetic prokaryotes obtain energy to make their organic food by oxidizing high-energy inorganic compounds (hydrogen gas, ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides) instead of consuming organic nutrients or using sunlight.
Many chemosynthetic prokaryotes are anaerobic; they are often found deep in the sediments of lakes and swamps.
Chemosynthetic prokaryotes form the basis of the food chain for some communities 2.5 km beneath the sea. Energy for these communities comes from hydrothermal (volcanic) vents. The hot water pouring out of these vents contains high concentrations of inorganic minerals such as sulfides that can be used as an energy source by the prokaryotes.
Heterotrophic Prokaryotes
Heterotrophic prokaryotes feed on organic matterby secreting enzymes and absorbing the digested material.
Most heterotrophic prokaryotes are aerobic.
Feeding
Three types of heterotrophs are described below. Each category is determined by the feeding mode.
Saprotrophic organisms are decomposers. They play a critical role in recycling (releasing) nutrients that are tied up in the bodies of dead organisms. Most heterotrophic prokaryotes fall into this category.
Parasites are organisms that live in close association with another species and one species benefits at the expense of the other. Usually, the smaller species resides within a larger species and derives its food from the larger organism. Normally, the larger organism is not killed.
Mutualistic organisms are those that live in close association with another species and both species benefit as a result of the association. For example, some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of plants. They convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to a form that is usable by plants. Plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates
Vincent Hilpert
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How do hermit crabs obtain energy?
The same way everything else does. They obtain their energy from the food they eat.
Are eubacteria prokaryote or enkaryote?
No Way.
What are the three way in which bacteria obtain food?
some capture and use the sun's energy as plants do.others do not use sun's energy. while others use the energy from chemical substance in their environment to make food.
What the best way to tell the difference between a single-celled protoctist and a prokaryote?
Prokaryote does not have a nucleus whereas Protocista (protoctist) do.
What is the main way that your body obtains energy from the sun?
In Cellular Respiration, we get energy from the plants and animals we consume. So we indirectly obtain energy from the sun.
How do autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in way they obtain energy?
Heterotrophs obtain energy from foods they consume, and Autotrophs obtain energy by the sun light
How do heterotrophs and autotrophs differ in the way they obtain energy?
Heterotrophs obtain energy from foods they consume, and Autotrophs obtain energy by the sun light
How do hermit crabs obtain energy?
The same way everything else does. They obtain their energy from the food they eat.
How do protozoa and alagae differ in the way they obtain energy?
Protozoa eat food to obtain energy and algae use photosynthesis.
In what way are herbivores and carnivore alike?
They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms
How does a turtle obtain energy?
The same way you do: it eats food.
Are eubacteria prokaryote or enkaryote?
No Way.
How do decomposed obtain energy?
They obtain energy in much the same way as people do. They take organic matter called detritus, and take the chemical potential energy out of it.
What are the three way in which bacteria obtain food?
some capture and use the sun's energy as plants do.others do not use sun's energy. while others use the energy from chemical substance in their environment to make food.
Why is eating meat an inefficient way to obtain the energy originally captured by plants?
It is an inefficient way of obtaining the energy that plants originally had because as the food chain progresses the energy obtained by each level decreases. As humans, we are at the top of the food chain. Therefore we obtain the least amount of energy.
What the best way to tell the difference between a single-celled protoctist and a prokaryote?
Prokaryote does not have a nucleus whereas Protocista (protoctist) do.
How do moss obtain energy?
Moss obtains its energy through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the way moss uses its energy to make food particles.
