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Laser light (Light Amplification by Stimulation And Radiation) has many uses in modern day technology but they roughly equate to these main areas.

  • Hot lasers
  • Data I/O
  • Measurement
  • Imaging

Hot lasers are used primarily to mark cut or score a material. Many manufacturing processes use lasers specifically designed to generate high temperatures to cut steel, or engrave lettering. This process is created by using a high power laser and directing it through a series of beam reflectors which are controlled by a system much like a printer plotter. Usually an inert gas is blown on the steel to prevent carbon build up and scoring.

Engraving systems are similar but on a much smaller scale.

Data Input/Output is used when a laser is used to reflect of a surface to gain access to information contained via a medium. The most obvious examples of this are Optical storage devices such as DVD's CDROMs and Blue ray. But there are also BAR code readers which use encoded numbers read by laser light. Your common Laser pointer could also be considered in this group.

Measurement Light from a laser has a few of useful properties.

  • Light travels in a straight line, and
  • laser light does not expand very much over distance
  • The speed of light is a known constant

Laser light travels in a straight line. LIDAR systems (Light Detection And Ranging), sends out a beam of laser light like a lighthouse and calculates the angle & return speed of the beam (Light the echo sounding of a bat but with light instead of sound). This allows a computer to build up a 3d data image of the area around the beam. This technique is accurate down to a 2 mm measurement allowing systems robotic systems like self driving cars to navigate better than a human.

The Apollo landings left a reflector on the moon which is used to bounce laser light off to calculate the distance of the moon with using a similar system to LIDAR.

Pulses of LASER light is fired at the reflector and the distance calculated by using the (SPEED x TIME) = DISTANCE. The result is then divided by 2 since this represents the pulse up and back to the Earth.

Imaging You could consider there to be some crossover here with LIDAR but this type of imaging considers a more artistic employ. Holograms are 3 dimensional images created by splitting a laser beam in two, then diverting one through an indirect path to a photographic negative plate, while the original beam travels directly at the object. This creates interference patterns (Sum and difference phasing of light) which captures the 3d information. When the holographic plate is processed and illuminated with polarised laser light the Image of the original object photographed can be seen as a 3d object again.

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