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(1) Rutherford carried out experiment on the bombardment of thin (10-4 mm) Au foil with high speed positively charged α-particles emitted from Ra and gave the following observations based on this experiment, α
(i) Most of the α-particles passed without any deflection.
(ii) Some of them were deflected away from their path.
(iii) Only a few (one in about 10,000) were returned back to their original direction of propagation.
(2) From the above observations he concluded that, an atom consists of
(i) Nucleus which is small in size but carries the entire mass i.e. contains all the neutrons and protons.
(ii) Extra nuclear part which contains electrons. This model was similar to the solar system.
(3) Properties of the nucleus
(i) Nucleus is a small, heavy, positively charged portion of the atom and located at the centre of the atom.
(ii) All the positive charge of atom (i.e. protons) are present in nucleus.
(iii) Nucleus contains neutrons and protons, and hence these particles collectively are also referred to as nucleons.
(iv) The size of nucleus is measured in Fermi (1 Fermi = 10-13 cm).
(v) The radius of nucleus is of the order of 1.5 × 10-13 cm. to 6.5 × 10-13 cm. i.e. 1.5 to 6.5 Fermi. Generally the radius of the nucleus (rn) is given by the following relation,
rn = ro (= 1.4 × 10-13 cm) × A1/3
This exhibited that nucleus is 10-5 times small in size as compared to the total size of atom.
(vi) The Volume of the nucleus is about 10-39 cm3 and that of atom is 10-24 cm3 i.e., volume of the nucleus is 10-15 times that of an atom.
(vii) The density of the nucleus is of the order of 1015 g cm-3 or 108 tonnes cm-3 or 1012 kg/cc . If nucleus is spherical than,
Density = mass if the nucleus/volume of the nucles = mass number/6.023 × 1023 × 4/3 πr3
Drawbacks of Rutherford's Model
(i) It does not obey the Maxwell theory of electrodynamics, according to it "A small charged particle moving around an oppositely charged centre continuously loses its energy". If an electron does so, it should also continuously lose its energy and should set up spiral motion ultimately failing into the nucleus.
(ii) It could not explain the line spectra of H - atom and discontinuous spectrum nature
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How did Rutherfords work help form the presentday model of the atom?
His experiment with the gold foil and the beam of positively charged particles proved that the nucleus of the atom is not solid. The beam past through the foil and bounced back. Rutherford's experiment contradicted Thomson's theory that an atom is solid.
Was rutherfords model of the atom incorrect or incomplete?
Rutherford's model of the atom was one that resembled the solar system. The nucleus took the place of the sun, at the centre. The electrons followed well-defined orbits around the nucleus so that it should be possible to determine the location and motion of the electrons. In fact, electrons orbit the nucleus in a cloud. It is not possible to know their position and momentum at the same time.
Which model of the atom was supported by the gold foil experiment?
The Rutherford model, or the nuclear model
Is the model of an atom smaller or larger than the actual atom itself?
its larger
What contribution to atomic theory resulted from Albert Einsteins work?
a new model of the atom that describe electrons as being in a cloud
Was Rutherfords model of an atom incorrect or incomplete?
incorrect
When was rutherfords model created?
Rutherfords Model is Rutherfords Model... thats it, its just a model.. go look it up on google images im sure you will figure it out by then.
what did bohrs model of the atom include that rutherfords model did not have?
Niels Bohr introduced the notion of electronic orbits.
How did Rutherfords model of the atom different from thomsons?
The Rutherford model involve a positive nucleus separated from electrons.
How did Rutherfords work help form the present day model of a atom?
The atomic model of Rutherford was a step in the historical development of the today concept of an atom.
What describes Rutherfords model of an atom?
Rutherford imagined the atom to be a particle with a thickly concentrated positive nucleus and electrons moving around it.
How did Rutherfords model describe the atom?
Negative electrons orbiting a positive nucleus much like the planets orbit the sun.
What is the name of the modern atom model?
The Bohr Model is the modern name used by scientist for a model of an atom, which is often referred to as the Rutherford-Bohr model due to the fact that Neils Bohr just improved Ernest Rutherfords model.
How did Rutherfords findings change Thomsons plum pudding model?
Rutherford supposed that the atom had a central positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons.
Rutherfords conclusion of the structure of an atom?
A short answer for the Rutherford atomic model: the atom is composed from a central part - a nucleus, positively charged, surrounded by electrons - very small negative charged particles.
What were Thomsons and rutherfords key discoverirs about the atom?
im awesome!
What did rutherfords gold foil tell about the atom?
That the atom Mostly consisted of empty space.- apex
