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What are the elements of metrology?

Updated: 9/22/2023
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Metrology is the science of measurements, and is particularly related to tracing these back to internationally agreed standards.

There are just a handful of SI fundamental units - time, length, mass, etc., and an important aim of metrology science is to attempt to define each of these in terms of natural phenomena.

The second for example is defined as the time taken for a certain number of vibrations of a particular atomic transition to occur.

Similarly with length, it being defined as the distance occupied by a given number of wavelengths of a particular atomic transition frequency.

Mass is the holdout so far - finding a reproducible natural phenomena that corresponds to the kilogram. One promising approach is to manufacture a near-perfect sphere of silicon (about 100mm diameter), and which contains a known number of silicon atoms. This approach uses assumptions based on Avogadro's number.

As you may imagine, as the science becomes better understood, an accepted definition becomes surpassed by a better one.

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What is metrology the science of?

Scientifically speaking, metrology is the science of measurement. Unlike other scientific fields, metrology covers all levels of uncertainty in any field of science and technology.


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Metrology, as defined, is the science of measurement. However, in practice, metrology is a term applied only to the science behind measurements of length and angles, the basic quantities of space measurements. All other quantities (temperature, stress, pressure, weight, time, etc) are not included in the everyday use of metrology. Measurement, on the other hand, is the application of metrological principles for determining verious lengths, angles as also of quantities like weight, time, etc. While metrology deals with thoretical aspects only (being the science), measurement deals with application of the principles for making the instruments and devices for measuring the quantities and cmparing them with standards.


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