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What are the factors which influence the balance of payments of a country?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Changes in GDP ,price of domestic goods, exchange rates and direction and size of capital flows
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∙ 12y ago
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What are the causes of balance of payment crisis?
The balance of payments of a country is said to be in equilibrium when the demand for foreign exchange is exactly equivalent to the supply of it. The balance of payments is in disequilibrium when there is either a surplus or a deficit in the balance of payments. When there is a deficit in the balance of payments, the demand for foreign exchange exceeds the demand for it. A number of factors may cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments. These various causes may be broadly categorized into: (i) Economic factors ; (ii) Political factors; and (iii) Sociological factors. Economic Factors: A number of economic factors may cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments. These are: Development Disequilibrium: Large-scale development expenditures usually increase the purchasing power, aggregate demand and prices, resulting in substantially large imports. The development disequilibrium is common in developing countries, because the above factors, and large-scale capital goods imports needed for carrying out the various development programmes, give rise to a deficit in the balance of payments. Capital Disequilibrium: Cyclical fluctuations in general business activity are one of the prominent reasons for the balance of payments disequilibrium. As Lawrance W. Towle points out, depression always brings about a drastic shrinkage in world trade, while prosperity stimulates it. A country enjoying a boom all by itselt ordinarily experiences more rapid growth in its imports than its exports, while the opposite is true of other countries. But production in the other countries will be activated as a result of the increased exports to the boom country. Secular Disequilibrium: Sometimes, the balance of payments diequilibrium persists for a long time because of certain secular trends in the economy. For instance, in a developed country, the disposable income is generally very high and, therefore, the aggregate demand, too, is very high. At the same time, production costs are very high because of the higher wages. This naturally results in higher prices. These two factors - high aggregate demand and higher domestic prices may result in the imports being much higher than the exports. This could be one of the reasons for the persistent balance of payments deficits of the USA. Structural Disequilibrium: Structual changes in the economy may also cause balance of payments disequilibrium. Such structural changes include the development of alternative sources of supply, the development of better substitutes, the exhaustion of productive resources, the changes in transport routes and costs, etc. Political Factors: Certain political factors may also produce a balance of payments disequilibrium. For instance, a country plagued with political instability may experience large capital outflows, inadequacy of domestic investment and production, etc. These factors may, sometimes, cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments. Further, factors like war, changes in world trade routes, etc., may also produce balance of payments difficulties. Social Factors: Certain social factors influence the balance of payments. For instance, changes in tastes, preferences, fashions, etc. may affect imports and exports and thereby affect the balance of payments
Write all the Differences between balance of trade and balance of payment in tabular form?
In order to examine a country's position in international trade, it is useful to consult two of the most frequently used statistics, the balance of trade and the balance of payments. When you hear on the news about the U.S. "trade balance," what you are usually hearing about is the merchandise trade balance, which is the difference between a nation's exports and imports of merchandise. A "favorable" merchandise balance of trade, or trade surplus, occurs when a country's exports exceed its imports. A "negative" balance of trade, or trade deficit, occurs when a country's imports exceed its exports. From the mid-1970s, throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, the United States has run persistent trade deficits. Economists disagree as to the effects this has had on the economy, but it is certain that these deficits allowed foreigners to accumulate U.S. dollars earned in payment for products that Americans imported The balance of trade, however, is not the whole picture; it includes only purchases and sales of merchandise. The complete summary of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world--involving transfers of merchandise, services, financial assets and tourism--is called the balance of payments. Simply, any transaction that results in money flowing into the country is a balance of payments credit, and anything that draws money out of the country is a balance of payments debit. Balance of payments deficits, where the amount of money leaving the country is greater than the amount flowing in, need to be financed; extra money has to come from somewhere. Usually, payments deficits are financed by borrowing money from overseas. The balance of payments for a country is separated into two main accounts: the current account and the capital account. The current account records sales and purchases of goods, services and interest payments. The entire merchandise trade balance is contained in the current account. The capital account deals with investment items, like whole companies, stocks, bonds, bank accounts, real estate and factories. Thus, if you bought a parachute from a factory in Germany, your purchase would be recorded in the current account. But if you bought the entire parachute factory, your purchase would be in the capital account. The balance of payments is influenced by many factors, including the financial and economic climate of other countries. For example, if other countries want the services of U.S. doctors, bankers, lawyers, accountants, engineers, entertainers and other service-providers, that demand will play a significant role in the U.S. balance of payments. Large amounts of money flow between nations in payment for such services, even if no merchandise is exchanged. In 1991, service exports accounted for over one-quarter of total U.S. export
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What are the causes of balance of payment crisis?
The balance of payments of a country is said to be in equilibrium when the demand for foreign exchange is exactly equivalent to the supply of it. The balance of payments is in disequilibrium when there is either a surplus or a deficit in the balance of payments. When there is a deficit in the balance of payments, the demand for foreign exchange exceeds the demand for it. A number of factors may cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments. These various causes may be broadly categorized into: (i) Economic factors ; (ii) Political factors; and (iii) Sociological factors. Economic Factors: A number of economic factors may cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments. These are: Development Disequilibrium: Large-scale development expenditures usually increase the purchasing power, aggregate demand and prices, resulting in substantially large imports. The development disequilibrium is common in developing countries, because the above factors, and large-scale capital goods imports needed for carrying out the various development programmes, give rise to a deficit in the balance of payments. Capital Disequilibrium: Cyclical fluctuations in general business activity are one of the prominent reasons for the balance of payments disequilibrium. As Lawrance W. Towle points out, depression always brings about a drastic shrinkage in world trade, while prosperity stimulates it. A country enjoying a boom all by itselt ordinarily experiences more rapid growth in its imports than its exports, while the opposite is true of other countries. But production in the other countries will be activated as a result of the increased exports to the boom country. Secular Disequilibrium: Sometimes, the balance of payments diequilibrium persists for a long time because of certain secular trends in the economy. For instance, in a developed country, the disposable income is generally very high and, therefore, the aggregate demand, too, is very high. At the same time, production costs are very high because of the higher wages. This naturally results in higher prices. These two factors - high aggregate demand and higher domestic prices may result in the imports being much higher than the exports. This could be one of the reasons for the persistent balance of payments deficits of the USA. Structural Disequilibrium: Structual changes in the economy may also cause balance of payments disequilibrium. Such structural changes include the development of alternative sources of supply, the development of better substitutes, the exhaustion of productive resources, the changes in transport routes and costs, etc. Political Factors: Certain political factors may also produce a balance of payments disequilibrium. For instance, a country plagued with political instability may experience large capital outflows, inadequacy of domestic investment and production, etc. These factors may, sometimes, cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments. Further, factors like war, changes in world trade routes, etc., may also produce balance of payments difficulties. Social Factors: Certain social factors influence the balance of payments. For instance, changes in tastes, preferences, fashions, etc. may affect imports and exports and thereby affect the balance of payments
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Write all the Differences between balance of trade and balance of payment in tabular form?
In order to examine a country's position in international trade, it is useful to consult two of the most frequently used statistics, the balance of trade and the balance of payments. When you hear on the news about the U.S. "trade balance," what you are usually hearing about is the merchandise trade balance, which is the difference between a nation's exports and imports of merchandise. A "favorable" merchandise balance of trade, or trade surplus, occurs when a country's exports exceed its imports. A "negative" balance of trade, or trade deficit, occurs when a country's imports exceed its exports. From the mid-1970s, throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, the United States has run persistent trade deficits. Economists disagree as to the effects this has had on the economy, but it is certain that these deficits allowed foreigners to accumulate U.S. dollars earned in payment for products that Americans imported The balance of trade, however, is not the whole picture; it includes only purchases and sales of merchandise. The complete summary of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world--involving transfers of merchandise, services, financial assets and tourism--is called the balance of payments. Simply, any transaction that results in money flowing into the country is a balance of payments credit, and anything that draws money out of the country is a balance of payments debit. Balance of payments deficits, where the amount of money leaving the country is greater than the amount flowing in, need to be financed; extra money has to come from somewhere. Usually, payments deficits are financed by borrowing money from overseas. The balance of payments for a country is separated into two main accounts: the current account and the capital account. The current account records sales and purchases of goods, services and interest payments. The entire merchandise trade balance is contained in the current account. The capital account deals with investment items, like whole companies, stocks, bonds, bank accounts, real estate and factories. Thus, if you bought a parachute from a factory in Germany, your purchase would be recorded in the current account. But if you bought the entire parachute factory, your purchase would be in the capital account. The balance of payments is influenced by many factors, including the financial and economic climate of other countries. For example, if other countries want the services of U.S. doctors, bankers, lawyers, accountants, engineers, entertainers and other service-providers, that demand will play a significant role in the U.S. balance of payments. Large amounts of money flow between nations in payment for such services, even if no merchandise is exchanged. In 1991, service exports accounted for over one-quarter of total U.S. export
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