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"Syntax" is the name for the STRUCTURE of a language. It describes the way words join into phrases, phrases into clauses, and clauses into sentences.

It is a syntactic rule of English, for example, that prepositions come before the noun phrase they control (in statements, at any rate). Another is that relativizer (that, which) can be omitted unless the relative clause is the subject of the larger sentence ("the man (that) I introduced you to is my boss" is fine, but in "That the man that I introduced you to is my boss is a secret" must have the "that").

Morphology governs forms. Syntax governs structure. Semantics governs meaning. Pragmatics governs use.

(Note that some languages talk about "morpho-syntax"; these are the highly inflected ones where what is a direct object is governed by its form (endings); in English that's a syntactic rule - where it is in the sentence - not a morphological one. Such languages (for instance, Russian) can have a sentence like "the man saw the dog" which means "the dog saw the man" because the words are marked *morphologically* with endings that label them as objects or subjects. )

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13y ago

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