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Tornadoes form when thunderstorms (usually from a collision of air masses of different temperatures and/or dew points) encounter wind shear, which is when wind speed and/or direction change with altitude. This creates horizontally rolling air that can be tilted vertical by a thunderstorm updraft. The updraft takes on this rotation to become a mesocyclone. Under the right conditions this mesocyclone can tighten and intensify to form a tornado.

Se the links below for the formation of tropical and extratropical cyclones. Ignore the parts about mesocyclones and tornadoes as they technically are not cyclones.

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