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The average temperature an exhaust system operates under is 1,200 to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit. The internal structure of the catalytic converter is made of platinum and palladium honeycomb that filters and chemically alters the exhaust emissions. As pollutants increase in the exhaust, so does the operating temperature of the internal structure. At 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, the structure will begin to weaken or melt, reducing its efficiency to convert harmful gases into less harmful pollutants. The platinum and palladium honeycomb will begin to melt into the ceramic substrate. When this occurs, the structure can break down or clog the converter, which results in little to no back pressure flow through the converter.
The other reason can be the lambda measurement (the air-to-fuel ratio) would indicate: the fuel mixture (varies from the ideal ratio quite a bit during driving) can be lean (an air-to-fuel ratio higher than 14.7), and other times the mixture can be rich (an air-to-fuel ratio lower than 14.7).
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