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Gas not turned on to water heater. Gas valve on water heater not set to pilot setting. Faulty gas valve. Igniter for lighting pilot not working.
The thermocouple is the small tube that runs between the pilot light and the control valve. The valve end unscrews and the pilot light end in held in place with a spring clip that the tip pushes through. Unscrew the valve end and work the pilot end out by twisting it and pulling it out of the clip. Install a new one making sure the end is in the pilot flame and light the heater. No gas will come out when you take it loose from the control valve.
Firstly a water heater is a concealed unit and all joints are meant to be leak proof. Sounds like there is a leak somewhere in the water heater. Get a plumber to investigate and fix where necessary.
Light reflecting on them like water, but it's the water on your eyes.
Condensation, when you heat water the water boils and lets of steam, steam collects around the water heater as condensation.
If the pilot light is on, the heater should come on by itself. If the pilot light is off then it has to be lit. If it will not stay on, the thermocouple is bad.
Have you turned the control from Pilot to On? Have you increased the temperature setting?
Yes
Gas water heater has an orifice for main burner and for pilot light, if not electronic ignition.
The water continues to run into and out of the water heater. There is just no flame to heat it up.
THERMOCOUPLE or defective gas valve
small amount
Same as any hot water heater. Turn the gas valve to off.
You don't. If the heater has an electronic spark, then it doesn't have a standing pilot to light. The spark lights the pilot when there is a call for heat, which in turn lights the burners. If the heater is on and the pump is RUNNING, the heater should light automatically when the water temperature is lower than the heat setting.
is the lines on the thermal coupler and pilot light for a hot water heater supposed to get hot
No, it is not dangerous. (Unless you are working with a water heater that is 20+ years old.) In any modern hot water heater, if the pilot light goes out a fail-safe will go off - preventing gas from leaking out. Also, there is a sensor so if there is not enough air-flow or oxygen with the water heater, it will shut off the gas.
The pilot setting will heat the water a few degrees. A gas water heater will have a thermal rating in BTU of 30,000 to 80,000. The pilot light by itself will have about 1,000 BTU. Operating overnight with no water movement and a well-insulated tank, you will observe a temperature rise but certainly not enough for clothes washing, dishwashers, or showers.