Water.
The story of Ernest Shackleton and the sinking of their ship the Endurance was an event that occurred in 191 . You can read more if you search for the Trans-Antarctic Expedition.
ernest shackleton took 28 men
A car and ponies
Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874-1922) was a British explorer who commanded three expeditions to the Antarctic (1907-09, 1914-17, 1921-22), during which the South Magnetic Pole was located in 1909.
Ernest Shackleton took a car, sleds, ropes, ponies, dogs, a portable dunny (toilet) and twenty eight (28) men.
I take it you mean to the polar plateau. He went by the way of the Beardmore glacier.
Shackleton's first challenge was the ship breaking. Second, it broke and he had to race against time to take everything out. Third, the cold weather. Then surviving. Shackleton had many challenges overall.
No he died of a heart attack the year he decided to take another trip to antarctica.
find out your self
Shackleton took an entire large ship with literally thousands of essential items. Far too many to describe here. He had everything man needed to survive an extremely hostile frozen environment. Google Shackleton-Endurance for more detailed information.
shackleton took a trump gun with him
Shackleton's first challenge was the ship breaking. It broke and he had to race against time to take everything out. The cold weather was another challenge. On one attempt to reach the South Pole in 1908, all of his ponies died and there were heavy storms. On a second attempt to reach the South Pole in 1914, his ship was crushed by pack ice, forcing the expedition to walk 1,200 km to South Georgia. Five months later they were rescued by a Chilean warship. On a third attempt to reach the South Pole in 1921, Shackleton died from a heart condition.