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the Plains Natives used buffalo for many different things, depending on what tribe you are talking about. But a good, general overview of the Plains Natives usage of the buffalo are as follows, but not limited to:

  • skin: clothes, tipi covers, blankets, "quilts" to transport fresh bison meat in
  • muscles: the main food source, also the location of sinew
  • sinew: make thread, rope, bow strings, strengthen a bow, among many other uses
  • front leg: was often discarded as unusable; except for varying numbers of scapula
  • scapula: garden hoes, or skinning/butchering knives
  • hoofs: used for glue, hatchets, bells, among a couple other uses, hoof bones (inside the hoof) were also utilized for a variety of reasons
  • ribs: as hide scrapers, the meat was seen as a delicacy for some tribes
  • vertebral column: either crushed and boiled to extract their grease or discarded
  • pelvic girdle: stripped of its meat and/or discarded
  • rear leg bones: roasted and then cracked to extract the marrow, then discarded
  • skull: most were cracked for the brains and then discarded except for the horn caps, some skulls were kept intact for ceremonial purposes
  • horn caps: cups, ladles, fire containers, among many others

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