An upper-layer packet is split into 10 frames, each of which has an 80 percent chance of arriving undamaged. If no error control is done by the data link protocol, how many times must the message be sent on average to get the entire thing through? An connection-oriented service (like TCP) does error checking and requests data to be resend. The packet has several options for error free transport. Connectionless service (think UDP) does not check for undamaged arival. It has a much smaller packet size and is also faster.
a packet switched network relays packets on a per-packet basis, sending them directly where they need to go, circuit switched send all packets one way through a network until they reach their destination
If connectionless serviceis offered, packets are injected into the network individually and routed independently of each other. No advance setup is needed. In this context, packets are called datagrams and the network is called datagram network. If connection-oriented service is used, a path from the source router all the way to the destination router must be established before any data packets can be sent. This connection is calle a virtual circuit.
Switching channels on the router or access point will reduce interference on a network.
Although some would suggest that a switch could segment a network (and it does use the MAC address for switching) more properly a bridge would be the answer if you are speaking of segmenting a network.
packet-switched
Subscribers: the devices that attach to the network, such as telephones and modems. Subscriber line: the link between the subscriber and the network. Exchanges: the switching centers in the network. Trunks: the branches between exchanges. Trunks carry multiple voice-frequency circuits using either FDM or synchronous TDM. By: khurram, sibbi Pakistan
In telecommunication, a distributed-queue dual-bus network (DQDB) is a distributed multi-access network that (a) supports integrated communications using a dual bus and distributed queuing, (b) provides access to local or metropolitan area networks, and (c) supports connectionless data transfer, connection-oriented data transfer, and isochronous communications, such as voice communications. IEEE 802.6 is an example of a network providing DQDB access methods.
The connection having no physical attachment, or unwired network is called as connectionless system. Examples: The Wi-Fi Network, Bluetooth,etc.
circuit switching
In a network switching subsystem, a mobile switching center is the centerpiece. The function of the mobile switching center is to perform the telephony switching functions and serves as a network node.
connectionless protocols - transport layer
In internet protocol suite UDP is the connectionless protocol. There is no initial communication between client and server. UDP will not check whether the transmission was successful.
there are three types of switching techniques 1) circuit switcching 2) Packet switching 3)Message switching
Ethernet
Packet-switching
it is very cheap
switching complexity
PSTN
The purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer is to handle the physical transmission of data on the network, including addressing, routing, and flow control. It is responsible for converting data into signals for transmission and vice versa, ensuring that data is transmitted correctly between devices on the network.