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In science, independent variables are variables that you control the change of, to see how somethings changes as a result of changing these variables. Dependent variables are variables that change because the independent variables are changed, but you don't change directly.

A good example of this would be an experiment where you're measing how cold a glass of water gets after putting in different amounts of ice in it and wating 5 minutes. The independant variable would be the amount of ice you put into each glass, because that's what you're directly changing. The dependent variable is how cold each glass gets, because that's the result you're trying to see by changing the independent variable - it changes because something else changes.

Additionally, when graphing, independent variables are put on the x-axis (horizontal line), and dependent variables are put on the y-axis (vertical line).

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Q: What do dependent and independent variables represent in science?
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