Center of curvature = r(t) + (1/k)(unit inward Normal) k = curvature Unit inward normal = vector perpendicular to unit tangent r(t) = position vector
Radius of curvature divided by tube diameter. To get the radius of curvature, imaging the bend in the tube is a segment of a circle, the radius of curvature is the radius of that circle.
a curving or bending
The radius of curvature and the focal length mean the same so the radius of curvature is also 15 cm.
An exaggerated curvature of the thoracic (upper back). The curvature is outward which gives the appearance of a hump or rounded upper back.
They're probably refering to lateral curvature, which would be scoliosis.
the center of curvature is the ORIGIN of the radius of curvature
no not all the time
The cervical curvature is the most superior spinal curvature.
There are two most important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first type of curvature to be studied historically, culminating in the Frenet formulas, which describe a space curve entirely in terms of its "curvature," torsion, and the initial starting point and direction. There is also a curvature of surfaces in three-space. The main curvatures that emerged from this scrutiny are the mean curvature, Gaussian curvature, and the shape operator. I advice to read the following article: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Curvature.html Moreover, I advise add-on for Mathematica CAS, which do calculations in differential geometry. http://digi-area.com/Mathematica/atlas There is a tutorial about the invariants including curvature which calculates for curves and surfaces. http://digi-area.com/Mathematica/atlas/ref/Invariants.php
No, the cervical curvature is considered the secondary curvature, the primary curvatures are the thoracic and sacral curvatures. The lumbar curvature is also considered the Secondary Secondary curvature (yes that's two secondarys, as in the second secondary)
yes..if by straight you mean they have no curvature. just double checking.