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A capacitor works like a kind of rechargeable battery.
They have many uses in circuitry boards.
They can be used in order to filter out certain frequencies ranging from sub-audible to frequencies up in the high THz range.
They can be used to provide a lot of electrical power very fast. This is the use in a typical Audio Power Amplifier.
They can be used as frequency generators in combination with other components.
Although this latest use is not very accurate due to quite a lot of temperature drift in the value, many circuitry boards are not dependent on a very stable oscillating frequency.

There are so many uses of capacitors that it is difficult to describe them with one single sentence.
Their key feature however is their ability to recharge and discharge very rapidly.

Big capacitors are mainly used for instant access to a lot of power.

Small capacitors are mainly used as a kind of analogous form of holding some kind of information.

Where as they all work like a kind of battery, they do not have the very limited charge/recharge lifespan that batteries do. They can be charged and discharged millions of times with hardly any noticeable effect to their capacity.

The difference however is that most of them can not be used like a battery because they often discharge "quickly" over time. If you charge one capacitor, the charge will be gone in a matter of hours or days. (This do depend on the type of capacitor though.) The charge they hold, although rapid available power, it is not by far as much as a standard battery can hold.

Where as a capacitor can discharge 1 ampere in a fraction of a second, a normal AAA cell battery need much much longer time for safely discharge such a load.


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Q: What does an average capacitor do in circuit boards?
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