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Turnaround time means the ships have to wait for long before they get space to stop.

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Q: What does it means by turn around time in port industry?
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What is postindustrial industry?

Post-industrial transformation refers to the period of time after the industrial phase reached its peak. This is a transformation that switches the focus from industry to services and information.


Why did the invention of the spinning Jenny and weaving machinery increase the number of workers in the textile industry in Europe?

in an early time. 1990


Industry affected when Andrew Carnegie brought the bessemer process to us?

It affected the steel and railroad industry. Iron was the main foundation of railroads and when the Bessemer process created massed produced amounts of steel, the railroad industry greatly increased to. The carbon in the iron in the older railroads made the foundation of those railroads brittle and not as sturdy as steel, the steel became an asset to railroad creation. The Bessemer process burns off the carbon in the iron, thus creating steel. This process made steel cheaper, and the people of the steel industry were positively affected because the people in the railroad industry wanted the steel for better rails. The railroad industry was positively affected because now it was safer and stronger. They can earn more money because there are less accidents and can ship more at one time.


What are the Advantages of large scale industry?

Firstly, there is greater scope for specialization in a large industry than in a small industry. Specialized personnel contribute to the quality and quantity of output. Any job is divided into several parts, each handled by a person who has specialized in it. By doing it repeatedly he attains proficiency and greater degree of skill. In a small industry this is not possible. A job cannot be divided into parts because of the number of persons employed is limited and the capital invested is small.Secondly, in a large industry there is greater scope for specialized machinery. For example, where alpines are manufactured in a large industry, there are, several machines which do different types of jobs before a complete alpine is turned out. In a small industry a single machine is enough to turn out complete alpines. But the alpines manufactured through the process indicated in respect of large industry are definitely of superior quality.Thirdly, a large industry can afford to have its own repair department and thus save costs. In a small industry if the machine fails or any part of it goes out of order for some reason, the proprietor has to send it to a repairing workshop which may be situated far away from the factory. Taking machine to the repairing workshop and then to bring it back involve wastage of much time, energy and money. This adds to the cost of the articles manufactured. In a large industry much time, energy and money can be saved by maintaining a repairing department in the premises of the industry itselfFourthly, a large industry enjoys the commercial advantage of buying and selling. Raw material is bought in large quantities for which advance contracts can be made. For the purpose of sale of manufactured articles agencies can be opened at different places in the country, and if possible, abroad.Fifthly, a large industry is capable of standing adverse times. A good industrialist can foresee impending adverse times and can make arrangements in advance to face them. Raw material can be stored in large quantities if there is anticipated a possibility of its shortage in near future. The risk bearing capacity of the industrialist being greater, the manufactured articles can be stored if demand for them goes down and then gradually released manipulating the demand itself. All this is not possible in a small industry.Firstly, there is greater scope for specialization in a large industry than in a small industry. Specialized personnel contribute to the quality and quantity of output. Any job is divided into several parts, each handled by a person who has specialized in it. By doing it repeatedly he attains proficiency and greater degree of skill. In a small industry this is not possible. A job cannot be divided into parts because of the number of persons employed is limited and the capital invested is small.Secondly, in a large industry there is greater scope for specialized machinery. For example, where alpines are manufactured in a large industry, there are, several machines which do different types of jobs before a complete alpine is turned out. In a small industry a single machine is enough to turn out complete alpines. But the alpines manufactured through the process indicated in respect of large industry are definitely of superior quality.Thirdly, a large industry can afford to have its own repair department and thus save costs. In a small industry if the machine fails or any part of it goes out of order for some reason, the proprietor has to send it to a repairing workshop which may be situated far away from the factory. Taking machine to the repairing workshop and then to bring it back involve wastage of much time, energy and money. This adds to the cost of the articles manufactured. In a large industry much time, energy and money can be saved by maintaining a repairing department in the premises of the industry itselfFourthly, a large industry enjoys the commercial advantage of buying and selling. Raw material is bought in large quantities for which advance contracts can be made. For the purpose of sale of manufactured articles agencies can be opened at different places in the country, and if possible, abroad.Fifthly, a large industry is capable of standing adverse times. A good industrialist can foresee impending adverse times and can make arrangements in advance to face them. Raw material can be stored in large quantities if there is anticipated a possibility of its shortage in near future. The risk bearing capacity of the industrialist being greater, the manufactured articles can be stored if demand for them goes down and then gradually released manipulating the demand itself. All this is not possible in a small industry.


What is one key difference in JIT in a service environment from a manufacturing environment?

In service industry the just in time pertains to delivering schedule while in a manufacturing environment , JIT is used for batch completion.

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