What does the red shift of a galaxy depend on?

Answer 1

Answer 1

Most galaxies are too far away for us to record the spectrum of a single star. So the spectrum of whole galaxy is recorded. Now enough of these spectra has been recorded to show that all were shifted towards the red, otherwise known as redshift. The phenomena of Doppler effect is such that if an emitter or source is moving away from the observer, the spectral lines are shifted towards the red end. Because of the observed redshift, all the galaxies appear to be going away from us. Also, we see that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving from us. And once it was realized that the relationship held for all galaxies whose distance was known, the amount of the redshift was used to determine the distance to a galaxy.

Answer 2

Consider that the redshift is telling us that the high redshift galaxies are closer to their gravitational centers where gravity is stronger and the ratio v/c is greater. Mercury has v/c higher than earth, v2/c2 = GM/rc2 . Consider that light slows down in gravity "medium". Consider mv2/r = mv/t (v/c) = ma (v/c).

The redshift does not mean the Universe is expanding, it means rather the Universe is in equilibrium. The redshift is the centrifugal acceleration balancing the gravitational centripetal acceleration.

Redshift = z = the percent change of wavelength = the speed v/c ratio = the cosine of the angle between the velocity and radius to the center of potential energy, gravity or electrical. Thus cos(p) = z = v/c = delta wavelength/wavelength. The closer the bodies is to the gravitational center, the larger the speed v and the larger the redshift and the smaller the angle (p) and the larger the cos(p). The redshift is zero when the velocity is perpendicular to the radius.

Hubble did not agree with the expansion idea and thought that the redshift was an "hitherto unknown principle of nature". The redshift is due to the conservation of energy:E= - mGM/r + mcv giving in the Continuity Equation :

GM/r^2 = cDel.v = (cv/r)cos(p) giving cos(p) = v/c = z.

There is further confusion about the redshift, the centrifugal force cmDel.v is center-fleeing behavior. The deflection is away from the gravity center not towards the gravity center. This redshift is related to the "dark energy" , Momentum Energy, cP, from moving masses. The Earth has redshift z=30k/300M . Is the Earth expanding from the Sun? No the Earth is in Equilibrium with the sun at center and has centrifugal force mcDel.v.

Answer 2

The red shift of a galaxy depends on its velocity relative to Earth. As a galaxy moves away from us, the light it emits gets stretched to longer wavelengths, causing a red shift in its spectrum. This effect is a key piece of evidence supporting the expansion of the universe.

Answer 3

We can't be sure. The only thing we know for sure is that it could be explained as

the speed with which that galaxy is receding from us. If that's actually the cause

of the red shift, then from all the red shifts that we observe, we have to conclude

that all of the distant galaxies are receding from us, and the farther away one is

already, the faster it's receding. If all of that is true, then the whole universe is

expanding. This is the research that made Hubble famous.

Another explanation is that light escaping from a "gravity hole" is red-shifted; as the light climbs out of the gravity hole, light loses energy and is red-shifted. This alternative explanation does not require the Earth to be in the center of the Universe, nor does it require the Universe to be expanding (although it certainly does not prevent an expanding Universe).

Answer 4

The red shift indicates an elliptical movement around a central attractive force. The central force could be gravitational or electrical/electromagnetic. In either case the red indicates elliptical movement.

Answer 5

An expanding Universe accounts for the red shifts.

Light from the galaxies is shifted to the red end of the spectrum because the galaxies are travelling away from us at high speeds, which increases the wavelength of their visible light.

Answer 6

The greater the red shift, the more rapidly is the distance between us and distant galaxies is expanding. Cosmologists generally refer to the red shift of a far distance galaxy as opposed to its distance from us.

Answer2:

Hubble did not see the red shift as an expansion.

"To the very end of his writings he maintained this position, favouring (or at the very least keeping open) the model where no true expansion exists, and therefore that the redshift "represents a hitherto unrecognized principle of nature"

Hubble concluded that his observed log N(m) distribution showed a large departure from Euclidean geometry, provided that the effect of redshifts on the apparent magnitudes was calculated as if the redshifts were due to a real expansion. A different correction is required if no motion exists, the redshifts then being due to an unknown cause. Hubble believed that his count data gave a more reasonable result concerning spatial curvature if the redshift correction was made assuming no recession. To the very end of his writings he maintained this position, favouring (or at the very least keeping open) the model where no true expansionexists, and therefore that the redshift "represents a hitherto unrecognized principle of nature". This viewpoint is emphasized (a) in The Realm of the Nebulae, (b) in his reply (Hubble 1937a) to the criticisms of the 1936 papers by Eddington and by McVittie, and (c) in his 1937 Rhodes Lectures published as The Observational Approach to Cosmology (Hubble 1937b). It also persists in his last published scientific paper which is an account of his Darwin Lecture (Hubble 1953).

The red shift indicates the degree of centripetal force balancing the centrifugal force that is keeping the object in orbit stability (Continuity Condition).

W = -vh/r + cP

F = XW = [d/dr, DEL][-vh/r, cP]= [vh/r2 -cDEL.P, cdP/dr -DEL vh/r +cDELxP]

F= [vp/r -cp/r cos(P), -cp/r 1P + vp/r 1R + cp/r sin(P) 1H]

At Continuity the scalar forces equal zero: 0 = vp/r - cp/r cos(P) thus v/c=cos(P) !

This is the redshift, cos(P)=v/c.

The earth's redshift is 30k/300M= 1/1000 thus angle =89 59 39.37 degrees.

The redshift =v/c = 1/(the refraction coefficient).

The redshift denotes the degree of central attachment. Low redshift means low attachment angle approaching 90 degrees, high attachment angle approaches zero degrees.

The same equation defines atomic electron attachment with v=Z alpha c/n .

Answer 7

The red shift "proves" that the galaxies are attracted by a central force and are in Continuity Condition. The larger the red shift, the larger the central attraction.

The red shift is the cosine of the angle between the velocity and the radius cos(VR). The cosine is max when the the angle is zero or the velocity is parallel to the central radius. The cosine is zero when the angle is 90 degrees or the velocity is perpendicular to the radius with no central attraction.

Answer 8

The amount of redshift or blueshift of a galaxy depends on how fast it is moving away from us (or towards us).
The only explanation for redshift (on a large scale) that makes sense is that it is the result of the expansion of space itself; i.e., that would be the so-called "cosmological redshift".

Answer 9

The greater the red shift, the further they are from the observer.

Answer 10

The question is essentially meaningless. Think about it on a purely terrestrial level: "What is the relationship between Texas and distance?" doesn't make any sense either.