When adding a suffix to a word that ends with a single vowel followed by a single consonant, the consonant is doubled if the suffix begins with a vowel. This helps maintain the original pronunciation of the word.
-ed is added to form the past tense of regular verbs.For most past simple regular verbs, add -ed:climb - climbed. walk - walkedIf the verb ends in a consonant + y the y changes to i and add -ed.study - studied. cry - criedIf the verb ends in one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant and add -ed.trip - tripped step - steppedNB. Irregular verbs have a new word.
Typically, you add "ed" to a verb to show that an action happened in the past. However, there are irregular verbs that don't follow this rule, so it's important to memorize them. Additionally, when adding "ed," you may need to double the final consonant of the verb if it follows a specific pattern (vowel-consonant-vowel) in order to keep the pronunciation consistent.
For nouns that end in a consonant + 'y', you need to drop the final 'y' and add '-ies' to form the plural. For example:baby > babiesgallery > galleriescandy > candiesfly > fliesparty > parties
Some nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant are pluralized by simply adding es; these words must be memorized, because there is no simple rule to explain the differences. Examples:echo, echoeshero, heroespotato, potatoestomato, tomatoestornado, tornadoestorpedo, torpedoesThere are also some nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant that simply add s; for example:auto, autoskilo, kilosmemo, memosphoto, photospiano, pianossoprano, sopraos
The general rule for nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant is to drop the "y" and add "ies" to form the plural. Some examples are:city = citiesmemory = memorieslady = ladiesparty = partiesThe exception to this rule is for the names of people. If a name ends in "y", an "s" is added to the end of the word, whether the "y' is preceded by a consonant or a vowel; for example, the two Marys or the Kennedys.For nouns ending in "y" preceded by a vowel, an "s" is added to the end of the word to form the plural. Some examples are:chimney = chimneyskey = keystoy = toysway = ways
The double consonant rule applies when a word end with a short vowel plus a consonant. For example, the word swim would become swimming.
If the word ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern it gets a double consonant +EDe.g. RUB > RUBBED HOP > HOPPEDIf the word ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern it gets a double consonant +INGe.g. RUB > RUBBING HOP > HOPPINGWords ending in w,x,y,z don't follow this rule, just add ED or ING e.g. snowed, snowing, boxed, boxing
If the word ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern it gets a double consonant +EDe.g. RUB > RUBBED HOP > HOPPEDIf the word ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern it gets a double consonant +INGe.g. RUB > RUBBING HOP > HOPPINGWords ending in w,x,y,z don't follow this rule, just add ED or ING e.g. snowed, snowing, boxed, boxing
you need to double the consonant and add er
For most past simple regular verbs add -ed:climb - climbed. walk - walkedIf the verb ends in a consonant + y, the y changes to i and add -ed.study - studied. cry - criedIf the verb ends in one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant and add -ed.trip - tripped step - steppedNB. Irregular verbs have a new word.
-ed is added to form the past tense of regular verbs.For most past simple regular verbs, add -ed:climb - climbed. walk - walkedIf the verb ends in a consonant + y the y changes to i and add -ed.study - studied. cry - criedIf the verb ends in one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant and add -ed.trip - tripped step - steppedNB. Irregular verbs have a new word.
It follows the standard rule: monosyllabic words ending with a single 's' or 'z' double that consonant and add 'es' to form the plural. This is the logic: if a word ends in an 's' or 'z' you cannot just add another 's' to form the plural - it would be unpronounceable. Therefore you need to add 'es'. However, if you add 'es' to a monosyllable ending in a single consonant, the 'e' will turn the vowel into a long vowel. Therefore you must double the final 's' or 'z' to keep the vowel sound short when you add the 'es'. If you did not double the 'z' of 'quiz' when you formed the plural, it would be pronounced 'kwy-ziz' instead of 'kwi-ziz'.
For most past simple regular verbs we add -ed:climb - climbed. walk - walkedIf the verb ends in a consonant + y the y changes to i and add -ed.study - studied. cry - criedIf the verb ends in one vowel and one consonant we double the consonant and add -ed.trip - tripped step - steppedNB. Irregular verbs have a new word.
There is no reason to think that you should add 'es' to way to make it plural. It follows the same rule as any other word ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel: monkey, monkeys; tray, trays; boy, boys.You may be getting confused between that rule and the rule that applies to words ending in 'y' preceded by a consonant. In that case, you change the 'y' into 'i' and add 'es': baby, babies; pony, ponies; dandy, dandies.
Rule #1 If the base form of the verb ends with a consonant except -y add -ed; example:call - calledshout - shoutedRule #2 If the base form of the verb ends with vowel -e add -d; example:create - createdplace - placedRule #3 If the base form of the verb ends in -y and -y is preceded by a consonant change -y to -i and add -ed; example:marry - marriedstudy - studiedRule #4 If the base form of the verb ends in - y and -y is preceded by a vowel add -ed; example:play - playedsway - swayedRule #5 If the verb spelled with a single vowel letter and followed by a single consonant letter double the consonant and add -ed; example:prefer - preferredoccur - occurred
add, bell, common, dabble, effect, flammable, gall, hell, imminent, jamming, ...
Double, add two, double, add 2, ...