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What exactly happens to a substance when it goes into a black hole?
Jonasla
Several things would happen to substance as it goes into a black hole. First and most obvious, it gets accelerated towards the black hole owing to gravitational influence (if it reaches relativistic speeds, this effect alone can cause it to shorten in the direction of acceleration, increase in mass, slow in time for a distant observer, and evidence other effects). Particularly for smaller black holes it would be 'spaghettified', or stretched thin by tidal forces near the black hole. Likely it will interact with the accretion disk and owing to friction and related effects, superheat to plasma temperature and emit significant amount of radiation including at x-ray energy - in fact black holes are quite efficient at converting matter to energy in this manner, perhaps as high as 40 percent of the mass might be lost this way. Once it crosses the event horizon, or boundary at which escape velocity is the speed of light, it would never leave; it must inevitably end up in the singularity at the black hole's center where all mass is concentrated. At that point the nature of the matter changes, our current physical theory does not yet describe the state of the substance at that point - or whether the substance remains matter at all, but theory indicates it occupies zero volume, has infinite density - and for it, due to relativistic effects, time stops entirely.
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What happens when you smash an atom in a black hole?
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What happens when substances goes through a phase change?
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