Elements in groups 3 and 13 in the periodic table and some transition metals are capable of forming +III ions.
Gold typically forms ions with a charge of +1 or +3.
The most familiar one is aluminum, which can form ions with a charge of plus 3, for example in compounds such as aluminum oxide.
Boron typically forms ions with a charge of +3. This is because boron has an atomic number of 5, so it loses three electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. So it gains 3 electrons to get the noble gas configuration. Therefor N make ions with a charge of -3.
The charge on the Sc ions in Sc2O3 is 3+. This can be determined by recognizing that oxide ions always have a charge of 2-, and there are three of them, so the total oxide charge is 6-. There are two scandium ions, and since the compound must be neutral, the total charge on the two scandium ions has to be 6+, so the charge on each scandium ion is 3+.
Gold typically forms ions with a charge of +1 or +3.
The most familiar one is aluminum, which can form ions with a charge of plus 3, for example in compounds such as aluminum oxide.
Ions with plutonium have valences between 3 and 7.
Nitrogen typically forms ions with a charge of -3.
Boron typically forms ions with a charge of +3. This is because boron has an atomic number of 5, so it loses three electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. So it gains 3 electrons to get the noble gas configuration. Therefor N make ions with a charge of -3.
The charge on the Sc ions in Sc2O3 is 3+. This can be determined by recognizing that oxide ions always have a charge of 2-, and there are three of them, so the total oxide charge is 6-. There are two scandium ions, and since the compound must be neutral, the total charge on the two scandium ions has to be 6+, so the charge on each scandium ion is 3+.
Nitrogen typically forms diatomic molecules (N2) and does not normally exist as ions in its elemental state. However, nitrogen can form ions with a charge of -3 (nitride ions) in certain compounds.
The cation charge of calcium in calcium sulfide is +2. Calcium is in Group 2 of the periodic table and typically forms ions with a charge of +2.
In compounds with elemnts with low electronegativity compounds N3-, P3- etc are found.
They generally form covalent compounds, but still they form -3 valency ions.
The aluminum ion in the ionic compound Al2O3 has a 3+ charge. This is because aluminum typically forms ions with a 3+ charge when it loses its outermost 3 electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.