They deform, first elastically then plastically.
it affects rock by the the force between it and the lava
A semiconductor layer thickness is typically measured using techniques such as ellipsometry, profilometry, or atomic force microscopy. These methods involve analyzing the interaction of light, surface topography, or surface force in order to determine the thickness of the semiconductor layer.
The law of superposition of forces states that the total force on an object is the vector sum of all the individual forces acting on it. This means that each force acting on an object contributes to the overall net force experienced by the object. The direction and magnitude of the net force can be calculated by adding up all the individual forces.
As liquid flows on an inclined surface there will be frictional force between the bottom most layer and the surface of inclined plane. More over there will be a friction between the successive layer of the liquid. This is termed as viscous force.
The difference in velocity between adjacent layers of the fluid is known as a velocity gradient and is given by v/x, where v is the velocity difference and x is the distance between the layers. To keep one layer of fluid moving at a greater velocity than the adjacent layer, a force F is necessary, resulting in a shearing stress F/A, where A is the area of the surface in contact with the layer being moved.
Lubricant creates a layer between surfaces, reducing direct contact and friction. This allows the hinges to move smoothly without resistance, decreasing the force needed to open or close the door.
Layer 6 - Presentation Layer
The line along the length of the beam between areas of tension and compression is called the neutral layer.
Presentation layer
presentation layer
Tools are made using metal because when a force is exerted on the metal, the positive ion layer can move down on top of another layer without breaking. For ionic compounds, if a strong force were to be exerted it would shatter the entire thing. Also metals are malleable, ductile and they have high melting points. This is good because you don't want the tools to be melting when a small amount of friction occurs. Metals are also insoluble in water.
The neutral layer is a beam that supports a load is in the region where there is neither stretching nor compression.
Segmentation of data happens at transport layer. Because transport layer is responsible for successful transportation of data through out the network.
it is the mesosphere
The sixth OSI model layer is called the presentation layer. Protocols at this layer take care of manipulation tasks that transform data from one representation to another, such as translation, compression and encryption. In many cases, no such functions are required in a particular networking stack; if so, there may not be any protocol active at layer six.http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_PresentationLayerLayer6.htm
The ozone layer happens by UV rays.They decompose and replenish it.
they elax
Gravity.