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The hierarchy system of New Spain, established during the colonial period, was a rigid social structure influenced by race, ethnicity, and birthplace. At the top were the Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain, followed by Creoles, who were Spanish descendants born in the Americas. Below them were mestizos (mixed European and Indigenous ancestry), Indigenous peoples, and enslaved Africans. This system dictated social status, political power, and economic opportunities, deeply influencing colonial life and governance.

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