A biomarker is a substance used as an indicator of a biological state, most commonly of a disease.
Biomarker Insights was created in 2006.
Cardiac Biomarker
It is the process of molecular separation prior to an analytical procedure such as Western Blotting or mass spec. This results in the identification of proteins and other materials which can be used as a biomarker.
Creatinine kinase, an enzyme involved in muscle function, is also a biomarker for muscle degradation and can be measured in patients' skin cells or other tissues.
Creatinine kinase, an enzyme involved in muscle function, is also a biomarker for muscle degradation and can be measured in patients' skin cells or other tissues.
Sometimes organic molecules survive unchanged or with minor changes (e.g. decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, rearrangement. These molecules used to be called geochemical fossils, now they are called 'biomarkers' and can hold critical information about the original material. A biomarker can be any kind of molecule indicating the existence, past or present, of living organisms.The term biomarker is also used to describe biological involvement in the generation of petroleum. (R. Kyei, 2013)
the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working Group defined a biomarker as "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention."
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin is a precursor molecule in the synthesis of heme, a component of hemoglobin. It can be used as a biomarker to assess iron deficiency anemia, as increased levels may indicate inadequate iron availability for heme production in erythrocytes. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin is measured through a blood test and can help in the diagnosis and monitoring of iron status in individuals.
In cardiac disorders, myoglobin levels in the blood may increase due to damage to heart muscle cells. Elevated myoglobin levels can indicate myocardial infarction (heart attack) or other types of cardiac injury. Myoglobin is released into the blood when heart muscle cells are damaged, making it a useful biomarker for detecting and monitoring cardiac disorders.
The LAP score, or Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3)-associated protein, is a biomarker that helps to predict response to cancer immunotherapy. It measures the expression of the LAG-3 protein on immune cells, which can indicate how likely a patient is to respond to certain immunotherapy treatments. High LAP scores are associated with better responses to immunotherapy.
Some important components of marker molecules include specificity for a target molecule or cell type, a signaling capability to relay information, and a structure that allows for detection or binding by other molecules. They can also have features like stability, ease of modification, and low immunogenicity for practical applications.
Alkaline phosphatase is a biomarker that is often elevated in individuals with osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. Monitoring alkaline phosphatase levels can help clinicians assess disease progression, response to treatment, and detect potential metastasis of osteosarcoma. Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase may indicate an aggressive form of osteosarcoma and can be used to guide treatment decisions.