A spanning tree protocol, or STP, is characteristic to a LAN. It provides a loop-free topology for networks within the system.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
IGRP is Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, enhanced by Cisco proprietary Enhanced IGRP.
A protocol can be defined as a set of rules determining the format and transmission of data or a set of rules that governs data communication. A protocol defines what is going to be communicated. The key elements of protocol are syntax, semantics and timing.
IP, or Internet Protocol, is required to use the public Internet. While sometimes called "TCP/IP", TCP-Transmission Control Protocol-is only one part of the Internet Protocol suite, which includes many others, such as UDP (User Datagram Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), etc.
ISL IS A CISCO PROPRIETARY TUNNELING PROTOCOL, BUT 802.1 q IS A OPEN STANDARD PROTOCOL
Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
d. A broadcast storm
Spanning tree protocol
the disadvantage os stp that it is time consuming.
Allows for redundant links by eliminating loops.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) does not set up trunk links, it is used to remove logical (Layer 2: Data Link) loops in a network in case there is layer 1 (Physical) redundancy
In order to prevent broadcast storms and other side effects of looping, Digital Equipment Corporation created the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
The switch is receiving BPDUs and populating the MAC address table, but not sending data.
Designated
It is only used at Layer 2. It eliminates Layer 2 loops in network topologies.
Core_S1, Access_S2, and Access_S3