Electrical grounded to the cold water pipe, usually before the first fitting once it is through the foundation..
ground
Hot water pipe rust first as compared to the cold water pipe for the same chemical composition of the water.
Depends where you are. In British Columbia, not required.
Because the mains pipe is buried in the ground where it takes longer for the cold to reach.
Cold water pipe.
The only problem that can happen is you would not have a ground for your electrical in the house if the pipe is cut between the clamp and the copper going into the ground outside. You shouldn't get shocked, if that is what you're worried about.
Using a water pipe ground clamp and securing the ground wire to the cold water pipe as it goes into the building BEFORE the water meter is one way. A better way is to drive an 8-foot ground rod into the ground and secure it via a ground rod clamp. My employer and I actually try and use both methods together.
If you are referring to a regular building, the cold water feed pipe goes directly to all cold faucets, toilets and hot water tank. The purpose seems obvious.
DON'T CONNECT A GROUND WIRE TO A COLD WATER PIPE!!! Use ground rods in accordance with local codes. When in doubt, contact a local electrician or the local building and zoning office of your city or county. Connecting a ground wire to your cold water pipe can result in electrolysis that will eat away at you water pipe. ---------------- Metal underground water pipe is the first grounding electrode listed in the NEC. It is still commonly used in residential installations and is used in commercial installations when available. When the water pipe is used as the primary grounding electrode, it must be supplemented with another electrode which is most commonly a ground rod. Generally speaking, a 325 amp service requires 350 kcmil copper conductors for residences or 400 kcmil copper conductors for commercial installations. In either case these require a grounding electrode conductor of 1/0 ("one ought") copper.
Vent, return circulation
A cold water pipe is usually a ground. Nowadays with plastic pipe you can't be sure. If the pipe out of the foundation is copper chances are it is good. You can check it with a meter. You can also get an electrical ground rod and install it. It is just a 10' spike that you hammer into the ground and clamp a wire to. It will also give you a good ground. You may already have one at your home. Check by the service entrance for electricity and phone.
Because the cold makes them slightly more brittle and the water in them freezes and in doing so it expands (needing more room) and this makes the pipes bulge and crack. You discover the problem as the ice melts!