A square? I think?
factor
It is a square of that factor. E.g. 5 is a distinct factor of 25. If you multiply that distinct factor by itself (5*5) you get 25. A square comes from the x^2 notation and is any number which has a factor which is multiplied by itself.
The power or exponent.
The exponent
A perfect square
If you are talking about the number itself, they can be the same. To be specific: A prime number is a number that only has the factors 1 and itself. A factor is a number that when multiplied creates a product. A prime factor is a prime number that is multiplied to create a product.
To factor a square root you must divide a specific number by another number that is a factor of the specific number. The factor of the specific must also be able to be multiplied by itself to equal the specific number. x multiplied by x equals y. For example: The square root of 144 would be 12 because 12 squared (multiplied by itself) is 144.
12 to the power of 10 is 12 multiplied by itself ten times.
A product.
A number that is multiplied by itself is called a base when it is written in exponential notation. Exponential notation consists of the number to be multiplied and a numeral in superscript to the right of it to indicate the number of times it is to be multiplied by itself. When the multiplication process is written out in full, the number is called a factor. The number may also be considered a multiplier or multiplicand when the equation is written this way.
Since it is a prime number, the two numbers that have to be multiplied to get 137 are 1 and 137...the number itself and and one.
25