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Solid inorganic compounds that have bound water molecules attached to the atoms, either coordinated to the molecule or directly to the metal atom. The water generally will not affect the chemistry (after all a lot of reactions take place in aqueous solvents anyway), but may affect the colour of the compound.

It is termed water of crystallisation; and as the name implies the water molecules are bound in the lattice when crystallised.

When writing a formula, it will look something like MgSO4.7H2O, meaning magnesium sulfate has 7 water molecules bound to it, and is a hepta-hydrate.

The water can be removed simply by heating it up.

Technically the compound is "wet" even though it will look and feel like a dry powder.

Anhydrous compounds are ones that do not contain any coordinated water.

Anhydrous compounds that will coordinated a large number of water molecules are widely used to "dry" mixtures where a little water may contaminate an organic solvent as the water binds to the substance, but the substance remains in a powdered form, often clumping, so is easily removed by filtration.

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