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Suppose you wanted to know the average income in Canada but for your own convenience you decided to ask for income information from people who lived in cities and towns with airports so that you could fly to your destinations. The people in places like these often have higher incomes and would not form a representative sample of the people of Canada. In order to obtain a good estimate of average income you would need to find a way of ensuring that people of all income levels would have known probabilities of appearing in your sample.

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Q: What is a representative sample important in a statistical study?
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Why is a voluntary response sample not suitable for a statistical study?

Voluntary response sample is not generally suitable for statistical study because its results are not likely to be the representative of the entire population under study.Such results could be biased as those who made effort to respond voluntary have strong feelings or opinions whether favorable or unfavorable regarding the subject of consideration.


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A panel study involves repeatedly collecting data from the same individuals over time to study changes within the same group. A cohort study follows a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience over time to see how their outcomes differ. The key difference is that in a panel study, the same individuals are followed over time, while in a cohort study, different individuals may be added to the study group over time.


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A sample survey is a research method where a subset of a larger population is chosen to gather information or insights about the entire population. This process involves selecting a representative group to minimize bias and ensure the results can be generalized to the larger population. Sample surveys are commonly used in market research, social sciences, and public opinion polling.


When data are collected in a statistical study for only a portion or subset of all elements of interest?

sample


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What is the purpose of randomization in epidemiology studies?

ensure taht the sample for the study is representative of the target population


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What are the preliminary steps in statistical study?

The preliminary step is to research the issue and form your hypothesis. Then, you need to find your sample group.


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Immportance of representative sample in statistical inference?

It is very important. Incorrect conclusions can be reached when the sample does not represent the underlying population. Experimental studies frequently go to great lengths to insure an unbiased sample. In observational studies, the statistician may identify factors which could make his sample not representative of the population. I will give you a real example. The US Fish and Wildlife Division conducted a study of the area that Florida cougars roam the Everglades. They tagged and tracked the movements by GPS. By using only daytime data in their computer models, a time when the cougars were more likely to sleep, they underestimated the distance the cougars could roam. You may be able to find many examples of biasing the data, either at the collection stage or later culling out certain data (as was done in the cougar example).