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A chromosome consists of several key components: the centromere, which is the constricted region that divides the chromosome into two arms; telomeres, which are repetitive sequences at the ends that protect the chromosome from deterioration; and chromatids, which are the two identical halves formed during DNA replication. Additionally, chromosomes contain genes, which are segments of DNA that code for proteins, and regulatory regions that control gene expression. The overall structure is organized into a double helix of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, forming a compact and stable structure essential for cellular division and function.

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