An Arabic (Christian or Jewish) priest is called Al-Kahen, similar to the Hebrew term Cohen. However, the correct term for an Islamic priest is Imam.
Quite simply, he is called a priest.
The head of an Arab Tribe is called a Sheikh.
The Parish Priest
The Nomads who live in the Arab Deserts are called Bedouins.
A ruling priest is called a Theocrat
the priest is called a father
There is no specific term for Muslims of Arab origin. They are usually just called "Arab Muslims".
The Arab Republic of Egypt
They were called the Bedouin.
When a priest speaks in Church as part of a Liturgy or Service, it is called a Sermon.
Priest were called "the druids" during the anglo saxon
He was the high priest called Caiaphas.