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An epigenetic marker is a chemical modification on DNA or proteins that can influence gene expression without altering the underlying genetic code. These markers can regulate which genes are turned on or off in different cells, tissues, or developmental stages, playing a key role in epigenetic regulation. Examples of epigenetic markers include DNA methylation and histone modifications.

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What are the categories of epigenetic mechanism?

The categories of epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation involves adding a methyl group to DNA, histone modification alters the structure of histone proteins, and non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression without coding for a protein.


What is the relationship between evolution and epigenetics?

A few years ago, biologists would have said that the relation between epigenetics and evolution was minimal, given that there was no reason to think, at the time, that epigenetic effects lasted more than a couple of generations. Now, however, it is becoming more apparent that epigenetic factors can indeed influence the way allele frequencies develop over the generations, and thus have a lasting impact on the evolution of a population.


Why are identical twins such a great example for studying epigenetics?

Identical twins are a great example for studying epigenetics because they share the same DNA but can have different traits and health outcomes due to differences in their epigenetic markers, which can be influenced by environmental factors. This allows researchers to better understand how epigenetic changes can impact gene expression and contribute to differences in traits and health between individuals with the same genetic makeup.


How does the field of epigenetics impact the use of donor eggs in fertility treatments?

Epigenetics, the study of how genes are turned on and off, can influence the development of embryos created using donor eggs in fertility treatments. Research suggests that the environment in which the egg donor was raised can affect the epigenetic markers on the donor egg, potentially impacting the health and development of the resulting embryo. This highlights the importance of considering epigenetic factors when using donor eggs in fertility treatments.


What is the purpose of the marker in gel electrophoresis?

The purpose of the marker in gel electrophoresis is to help determine the size of DNA fragments by providing known reference points for comparison.

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