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Where are fossils mostly preserved?
Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock, which is the most common type of rock on Earth. Sedimentary rocks form when particles of sediment are deposited by water or wind, and then hardened over time.
Mangrove living conditions?
the salt level is very high in the water as it is actually seawater and the humidity of a mangrove is very high. but the oxygen level is low in the mud, therefore the plants that live there have different kinds of roots to help them take in more oxygen for photosynthesis.
What is one hypothesis for the mass extinction at the end of the cretaceous period?
The Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) mass extinction that marked the end of the Paleozoic Era is widely recognised as the greatest mass extinction in Earths history. It is known as the Great Dying. Up to 90% of all marine species and 60% of all land vertebrates became extinct. It was also the only known mass extinction of insects with 83% of all insect genera becoming extincted.It was not just one continuous extinction event but rather came in up to 3 separate pulses.There are many theories to the cause of the P-Tr extinction.Climate changeAbout half way through the Permian Period approx 270 million years ago all the continents of Earth joined together to form the super continent Pangaea. This would have caused huge changes to the environments on earth. It is theorised the there was a super desert created in the interior of Pangaea.Volcanic activity.Around 260-250 million years ago there was 2 huge eruptions. The first was the Emeishan Traps in what is now China was the 1st and smaller of the 2. It happened about 260 million years ago and seemed to coincide with one of the extinction pulses known as the end-Guadalupian Pulse.The second much larger eruption, the Siberian Traps coincides with the very last pulse about 251 million years ago.Meteorite impact.Evidence found in rocks from the P-Tr boundary has been found in Australia and Antarctica that suggest that Earth suffered a large impact event that happened about 251 million years ago. There have even been suggestions of possible craters such as the Bedout Structure off the coast of Australia or the Wilkes Land Crater in Antarctica.There is a unusually high concentration of shocked quartz and rocks from the area seem to be unusually high in Iron, Nickle and Silicon which are common elements in asteroids. Recent reexamination of one sample from Antarctica however suggest that the quartz has not been shocked but has suffered plastic deformation which is common in volcanic activity.Methane Hydrate Gasification.Scientist world wide have found that there is a decrease in the ration between Carbon13 / Carbon12 in late Permian and early Triassic rocks. There are several possible causes for this but non of them can explain it fully.Volcanism is one possible cause but it would have taken an eruption many times larger than any known.A reduction in organic activity is another theory but studies of other similar events have left scientists to conclude that even if all the organic matter was buried in sedimentary rocks it would not explain the levels seen.If there was a sudden drop in ocean levels exposure of organic rich sediments would be exposed to oxidisation. However scientist do not think that even this can explain the levels.Another theory is that there was a break down in the oceanic currents and the deep oceans suffered a drop in oxygen known as anoxia or possibly a huge increase in levels of oxygen in the deep oceans called hyperoxia.The only credible reason for the shift in ratios is the release of huge amounts of methane. Small microbes that generally live at the bottom of the sea produce methane Hydrates. Theses methane hydrates are methane molecules trapped in a cages of water molecules. This is normally trapped in the sediments Evidence that the Part Siberian Traps were actually a shallow sea at the time and the eruptions caused a huge releases of methane.Sea Level ChangesThe most biologically rich are of the ocean is in the shallow area of the continental crust. If the sea levels fell sufficiently it would destroy most of these habitats. This would explain the massive levels of extinction in marine life.AnoxiaEvidence from the ratios of uranium/thorium found in Permian rocks from Greenland prove that at the end of the Permian the oxygen levels in the deep oceans dropped dramatically. This would have had devastating effects on life in the oceans.Hydrogen Sulphide Emissions.An anoxic event like the one described could have made sulpher reducing bacteria more dominant in our oceans. Vast amounts of hydrogen sulphide would have been produced as a consequence, poisoning both plants and animals and also decreasing ozone in the atmosphere thus increasing UV radiation.This theory has some Merritt because it can explain the reduction in fauna that we find from the period.Combination of events.No one theory can really explain the extinction event fully. Scientists are starting to think that is was possibly a combination of some or all the theories mentioned.
What is Spastic Cerebral Palsy?
It is a common congenital condition, where the child presents with musculoskeletal and cognitive problems, caused by injury to the immature brain. What causes CP? prematurity (most common) prenatal intrauterine factors anoxic injuries perinatal infection such as toxoplasmosis,CMV,ToRCH,herpes simplex,rubella brain malformations meningitis brain trauma - NAT Classification? Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) Type I Near normal gross motor function, independent ambulator Type II Walks independently, but difficulty with uneven surfaces, minimal ability to jump Type III Walks with assistive devices Type IV Severely limited walking ability, primary mobility is wheelchair Type V Nonambulator with global involvment, dependent in all aspects of care How is CP diagnosed? Clinically developmental milestones, cognitive function, and musculoskeletal abnormalities such as spasticity, impaired balance, loss of motor control. Treatment? physical therapy bracing/orthotics, medications for spasticity Role of Botulinum Toxin ? Blocks spasticity causing receptors, for limited time. It helps in maintaining motions of upper limb and lower limbs, specially during rapid growth periods. It acts as a time buying strategy for kids.Surgery of these kids to be avoided till the age of 8 yrs. often injected into calf muscles. It act only when the deformity is not fixed , that is when joints can be moved. It has no role when there are fixed contractures. SEMLS surgery (Single-Event, Multi-Level Surgery) Multiple deformities i.e deformities at hip, knee and ankle are addressed in single sitting. This helps for early rehabilitation, and less anaesthetic exposure to it. Fascial lengthenings are done so as to cause minimal damage to the muscle. For More Details , Please Contact Dr Gaurav Jain 20 B Sainath Colony , Indore Call us +91 91114 64959
What rhymes with anoxic?
Toxic.
Can plants live in anoxic soil?
Most plants require oxygen for their roots to survive, so anoxic soil (lacking oxygen) can be detrimental to plant growth. However, there are some plant species, like certain wetland plants, that have adaptations to survive in anoxic soil by obtaining oxygen through specialized structures or by relying on other processes for survival.
Does pleurococcus photosynthesise?
yes, anoxic photosynthesis
What is another word for anaerobic?
non-oxygenation
The difference between oxic and anoxic soil?
Soil that contains oxygen is known as oxic soil. On other hand soil which lacks the oxygen is known as anoxic soil
What are the main causes for anoxic brain injury?
The main causes for anoxic brain injury are lack of oxygen to the brain. This can be caused due to drowning, suffocation, shock or autoerotic asphyxiation.
What is without oxygen?
The terms for without oxygen are anaerobic or anoxic.
What is the difference between anoxic and anaerobic condition?
Anoxic conditions refer to environments that lack oxygen, while anaerobic conditions refer to environments where oxygen is absent or present in very low concentrations. Anaerobic conditions can include both anoxic environments and environments with alternative electron acceptors other than oxygen.
Do all of the steps of cellular respiration need oxygen?
No; and those that do not are called anoxic steps.
What is anoxic decomposition?
Anoxic decomposition is a biological process in which a certain group of microorganisms use chemically combined oxygen, such as that found in nitrite and nitrate. The organic matter they consume supports their life functions and nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, stable solids and more organisms are produced in the process.
What is a anoxic convultion?
Anoxic convulsion refers to a seizure or convulsion that occurs due to lack of oxygen to the brain. It is a medical emergency and can lead to serious complications if not managed promptly. Treatment involves restoring oxygen supply to the brain and addressing the underlying cause.
What do we call a situation the cells are not receiving enough oxygen?
oxygen deprivation or anoxic (depending on degree)
