Its not so much a theory as a fact. They exist.
The Sun and in the case of deep sea vents, the heat and chemicals from Earth's interior.
Sea Floor spreading has to do with the crust forming at ocean ridges and being destroyed at deep sea trenches.
They occur where one plate sinks beneath another.
They occur where two plates move away from each other.
thermal vents
Some deep sea vents can be hotter than 300 degrees C.
Volcanic eruptions
Some deep sea vents can be hotter than 300 degrees C.
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hot rocks deep in the crust.
surrounding deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Hydrothermal vents allow underground heat sources to warm the ocean bottom which is necessary to support deep see ecology.
such organisms would be bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae and other microorganisms mostly you would only need to find a rock and have a powerful microscope
near deep-sea hydrothermal vents
near deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Tube worms which live near deep sea hydrothermal vents
hydrogen sulfide