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Electronegativity is tendency of an atom to attract shared pair of electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Since it is only relative electron tendency, it has no specific units.

Electronegativity is elated to:

(a) Size of an atom.

(b) Effective nuclear charge

Atom with small size and high nuclear charge has high electronegativity due to the strong pull exerted on shared electrons by the nucleus. For example, fluorine is highly electronegative element with electro negativity value 3.92 due to small size and high effective nuclear charge. Atom with greater size and less nuclear charge has low electronegativity as its nucleus does not exert a stong attractive force on shared electrons. For example, Caesium is least electronegative element with electronegativity value 0.7 due to its big sizes and less effetive nuclear charge.

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