== == == == == == The cap rock on a coal bed is usually a sedimentary rock, (i.e. shale sandstone etc.) but not always shale. Slate is a metamorphic rock, usually derived from shale that has been exposed to high pressures and temperatures over very long periods of time. Ways to tell the difference between slate and shale:
Slate will have a smooth surface, and possible have light glare at a right angle. Shale will have a dull, sandy surface.
Tap them against something hard. Slate will make a "clink" noise, almost like porcelain or ceramic, where shale will make a "thud" sound.
Rub it against your teeth. Slate will be smooth, shale will be gritty.
== == == ==
Coal was typically mined by digging deep underground shafts or tunnels to reach coal seams. Miners would use tools such as picks, shovels, and explosives to extract the coal from the earth. In some cases, coal was also extracted through strip mining where the top layers of soil and rock were removed to access the coal seams.
The U.S. and Russia are the two nations who produce the most coal
Utah made about 24.5 million tons of coal in 2005, which was a 12.5% increase in production from 2004. In 2009, it was just under 22 million tons.
Coal is typically extracted through surface mining or underground mining. In surface mining, large equipment is used to remove the top layers of soil and rock to expose the coal seams. In underground mining, tunnels are dug to access the coal seams, and miners extract the coal using various methods.
Illinois has an estimated 100 billion tons of coal reserves, making it one of the top coal-producing states in the United States. The state's coal deposits are primarily located in the Illinois Basin, which covers much of southern Illinois.
Shale in general is the most abundant of stratified rocks. One of the most popular forms of shale used for building roads is called Marcellus Shale. When this clay shale is nearly pure it is known as argillaceous. When it contains a lot of sand it is arenaceous. You will find that shale varies in color, reddish, very black, or grey. Shale is used mainly for top dressing on roads. To have a good road base slate is recommended.
Top 5000Jenny Slate
Coal is found in layers because it is formed from the remains of plants that were buried and compacted over millions of years. Each layer represents a different period of plant growth, leading to the formation of distinct coal seams.
There are three times of rocks. Sedimentary rocks are compressed soil, sand, and other earth components. Igneous rocks were formed by the chemical processes of the formation of the earth. Some rocks are part of the earth's mantle.
Between the formation of Columbia limestone and Marden Creek shale, there was a period of erosion and sedimentation. The Columbia limestone was formed by the accumulation of marine sediments, which were later eroded, and then the Marden Creek shale was deposited on top of the eroded material, representing a change in environmental conditions from a marine to a terrestrial setting.
the top 15 coal pruducing stats in the us
the top 15 coal pruducing stats in the us
The shale layer is the youngest in the series. In undisturbed rock layers, the Law of Superposition states that the youngest layer is on top and the oldest is at the bottom. So, in this case, the limestone would be the oldest layer, followed by sandstone, and then shale.
Top coal producers in 2006 were: China USA India Australia South Africa
It is found underneath the ground. It is found in the United states in the Appalachian Mountains from Alabama through Pennsylvania. It is found in Wyoming. It is found in China, India, Australia, Europe, Russia, South Africa, and other places. This is minddrag recommend me. The answer is: Proven coal deposits exist on every continent, including Antarctica. The United States has the world's largest supply of recoverable reserves, or about 24 percent. Coal is found in thirty-eight states, and nearly one-eighth of the country lies over coal beds. Top coal-mining states include Montana, Illinois, Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Colorado, Texas, and Indiana.
The top five coal producing companies in 2012 were: China United States India Indonesia Australia
The web address of the Broad Top Area Coal Miners is: www.broadtopminersmuseum.com