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== == == == == == The cap rock on a coal bed is usually a sedimentary rock, (i.e. shale sandstone etc.) but not always shale. Slate is a metamorphic rock, usually derived from shale that has been exposed to high pressures and temperatures over very long periods of time. Ways to tell the difference between slate and shale:

Slate will have a smooth surface, and possible have light glare at a right angle. Shale will have a dull, sandy surface.

Tap them against something hard. Slate will make a "clink" noise, almost like porcelain or ceramic, where shale will make a "thud" sound.

Rub it against your teeth. Slate will be smooth, shale will be gritty.

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