Glycerol, also known as glycerin or glycerine, is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting liquid that is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is a simple polyol compound, composed of three carbon atoms and three hydroxyl (alcohol) groups, making it hygroscopic and a great moisturizer. Glycerol is also a byproduct of the saponification process in soap-making and is used as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener in various applications. Additionally, it plays a role in lipid metabolism and can serve as an energy source in the body.