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Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can become dissolved in the ocean forming an acid called carbonic acid. This acid results from carbon dioxide combining with water and this also contributes to the acidity of soda. The increased acidity of the ocean makes it more difficult for animals and corals to form shells which are made of calcium carbonate, the same material as chalk since calcium carbonate dissolves in acid. As a experiment, try adding lemon juice to a little piece of chalk or chalk powder. You can see how the acid from the lemon juice dissolves the chalk and bubbles from this. These bubbles are carbon dioxide and that the chalk or chalk powder disappears. This reaction happens to a much slower extent to seashells or the shells that corals try to form making more difficult for corals and certain other sea creatures.

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Q: What is happening in the ocean?
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