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The most important thing for the formation of sedimentary rock, apart from the obvious (i.e. the material which the rock is to be composed of), is pressure. Pressure of thousands of tonnes is exerted on the sediment at a great depth, which provides the conditions for the cementation of the fragments into one body.

Not all sedimentary rocks are formed in this way however, and some will form by chemical processes instead, like gypsum. Most sedimentary rocks, however, require pressure.

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