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What is inter-marker reliability?

Updated: 9/16/2023
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Jea66

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Q: What is inter-marker reliability?
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For covalent bonds do you use the ide suffix?

A suffix -ide is used to indicate a covalent compound of only two elements. It is not applicable to all covalent compounds. Examples include the compounds of carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). If you would like to check the reliability of my information my source was Bill W. Tillery's college text book "Physical Science." The information can be found on the lower half of page 263, chapter nine in the seventh edition of the book. A suffix -ide is used to indicate a covalent compound of only two elements. It is not applicable to all covalent compounds. Examples include the compounds of carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). If you would like to check the reliability of my information my source was Bill W. Tillery's college text book "Physical Science." The information can be found on the lower half of page 263, chapter nine in the seventh edition of the book. A suffix -ide is used to indicate a covalent compound of only two elements. It is not applicable to all covalent compounds. Examples include the compounds of carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). If you would like to check the reliability of my information my source was Bill W. Tillery's college text book "Physical Science." The information can be found on the lower half of page 263, chapter nine in the seventh edition of the book.


Why is a mass spectrometer maintained in high vacuum?

A mass spectrometer is maintained in high vacuum to prevent interference from air molecules. Air molecules can disrupt the ionization process and affect the accuracy and sensitivity of mass measurements. Maintaining high vacuum ensures that only the ionized particles of interest are present, improving the performance and reliability of the mass spectrometer.


How can you be sure that an illegal drug is pure?

Only sophisticated chemical analysis techniques (such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc.) can be used to determine with near certainty the purity of a drug. There are various home testing kits on the market, such as those used to determine the adulterants present in ecstasy tablets. These contain chemicals which change colors on contact with certain compounds. However, studies have shown that the results obtained from these kits are often subjective and semi-qualitative. The exact identities, concentrations, and presence of the various impurities are impossible to determine accurately and with certainty with these home testing kits. For example, unscrupulous dealers who are aware of the common reagents can add a chemical which causes a color change similar to the drug being diluted for sale, thereby defeating the test. This example illustrates that the reliability of these testing kits is not high. If one is worried about ingesting dangerous chemicals, then it is best to stay away from street drugs. Of course, the drugs themselves are typically more dangerous! Unless the drug is analyzed by a trustworthy lab, there is no easy way of knowing for sure what it contains.


How does an oxygen sensor work?

Simply put, an oxygen sensor reacts to oxygen thus creating a voltage as high as 0.9v. The higher the voltage the richer the engine is running. Abnormally high voltage is caused by unburnt oxygen in the system (misfire), abnormally low voltage (vacuum leaks) is a system running with a lack of fuel. An engine running properly will show an upstream (sensor 1) O2 sensor switching from .1 to .9 volts as the computer hunts for the optimal mix or 14.7 parts of air to 1 part of fuel for gasoline engines. The downstream (sensor 2) should show a relatively stable, and lower voltage as these leftover combustion gases are scrubbed through a catalytic converter.If an oxygen sensor fails, the computer will substitute the O2 signal with a predetermined value. Typically and over rich mixture will be used to protect the engine as damage can occur if running lean, however, prolonged rich mixture can damage the catalytic converter, which can be expensive to replace.The oxygen sensor is a key component to a fuel injection system. Working in unison with other critical components such as engine coolant temp sensors, air flow sensors, throttle position sensors, these devices prolong engine life, increase fuel efficiency, reduce harmful emissions and have dramatically increased the reliability and ease of use of the modern day engine.


What is the servqual model?

The most eminent instrument in attempting to systematize the service quality is"The gap model"of service or Servqal developed by Parshuraman et al (1985). This conceptual framework was developed initially to measure customer perception of service quality for the financial service sectors but later extended to sectors such as hospitality, telecommunications and healthcare.Purpose of SERVQAL· To determine average gap score (between customer's perceptions and expectations) for each service attribute.· To assess a company's service quality along each of the 5 SERVQAL dimensions· To track customer's expectations and perceptions over time· To compare a company's SERVQAL scores against competitors· To identify and examine customer segments that differs significantly in their assessment of a company's service performance· To assess internal service quality (interdepartmental comparison)· The customer Gap: Gap 5 - Difference between customer expectations and perceptions· Provider Gap 1: Not knowing what customers expect· Provider Gap 2: Not selecting the right service designs and standards· Provider Gap 3: Not delivering to service designs and standards· Provider Gap 4: Not matching performance to promisesThe SERVQAL model is based on three dimensions· The Gaps· The Key Service Dimensions· Causes & Solutions to GapsThe GAPSGap 1: The difference between management perceptions of what customers expect and what customers really do expect - is it large?Gap 2: The difference between management perceptions and service quality specifications - the standards gap?Gap 3: The difference between service quality specifications and actual service delivery - are standards consistently met?Gap 4: The difference between service delivery and what is communicated externally - are promises made consistently fulfilled?Gap 5: The difference between what customers expect of a service and what they actually receive. Expectations are made up of past experience, word-of-mouth and needs /wants of customers. Measurement is on the basis of two sets of statements in groups according to the five key service dimensionsThe key service dimensionsThe five SERVQUAL dimensions are:TANGIBLES-Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materialsRELIABILITY-Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accuratelyRESPONSIVENESS-Willingness to help customers and provide prompt serviceASSURANCE-Knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidenceEMPATHY-Caring, individualized attention the firm provides its customersRELIABILITY: Do what you say you're going to do when you said you were going to do it.Customers want to count on their providers. They value that reliability. Don't providers yearn to find out what customers value? This is it.It's three times more important to be reliable than have shiny new equipment or flashy uniforms.Doesn't mean you can have ragged uniforms and only be reliable. Service providers have to do both. But providers first and best efforts are better spent making service reliable.Whether it's periodics on schedule, on-site response within Service Level Agreements (SLAs), or Work Orders completed on time.RESPONSIVENESS: Respond quickly, promptly, rapidly, immediately, instantly.Waiting a day to return a call or email doesn't make it. Even if customers are chronically slow in getting back to providers, responsiveness is more than 1/5th of their service quality assessment.Service providers benefit by establishing internal SLAs for things like returning phone calls, emails and responding on-site. Whether it's 30 minutes, 4 hours, or 24 hours, it's important customers feel providers are responsive to their requests. Not just emergencies, but everyday responses too.ASSURANCE: Service providers are expected to be the experts of the service they're delivering. It's a given.SERVQUAL research showed it's important to communicate that expertise to customers. If a service provider is highly skilled, but customers don't see that, their confidence in that provider will be lower. And their assessment of that provider's service quality will be lower. Service providers must communicate their expertise and competencies - before they do the work. This can be done in many ways that are repeatedly seen by customers, such as:Display industry certifications on patches, badges or buttons worn by employeesInclude certification logos on emails, letters & reportsPut certifications into posters, newsletters & handoutsBy communicating competencies, providers can help manage customer expectations. And influence their service quality assessment in advance.EMPATHY: Services can be performed completely to specifications. Yet customers may not feel provider employees care about them during delivery. And this hurts customers' assessments of providers' service quality.For example, a day porter efficiently cleans up a spill in a lobby. However, during the clean up doesn't smile, make eye contact, or ask the customer if there is anything else they could do for them. In this hypothetical the provider's service was performed fully. But the customer didn't feel the provider employee cared. And it's not necessarily the employees fault. They may not know how they're being judged. They may be overwhelmed, inadequately trained, or disinterested.TANGIBLES: Even though this is the least important dimension, appearance matters. Just not as much as the other dimensions.Service providers will still want to make certain their employees appearance, uniforms, equipment, and work areas on-site (closets, service offices, etc.) look good. The danger is for providers to make everything look sharp, and then fall short on RELIABILITY or RESPONSIVENESS.Reasons for GAPSGAP 1· lack of a marketing orientation· inadequate upward communication (from contact staff to management)· too many levels of managementGAP 2· inadequate commitment to service quality· lack of perception of feasibility - 'it cannot be done'· inadequate task standardization· the absence of goal settingGAP 3· role ambiguity and role conflict - unsure of what your responsibility is and how it fits with others· poor employee or technology fit - the wrong person or system for the job· inappropriate supervisory control or lack of perceived control - too much or too little control· lack of teamworkGAP 4· inadequate horizontal communication - between departments or services· a propensity to overpromise

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