1. There is about a 70% chance of survival although the surgical operation didn't usually cause death but the infection afterwards
2. The process took roughly 30-60mins to complete
3.
The tools commonly used in trepanning included a sharp knife, which is used to cut through the skin of the skull and made it possible to pull back the flaps, and a borer similar to a corkscrew. Surgeons also use brushes and files to tidy up the final area around the hole.
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Infections
Trepanning was used as far back as the Neolithic period, around 10,000 years ago. It continued to be practiced in various civilizations throughout history for treating head injuries, relieving pressure from brain swelling, and for spiritual or ritualistic purposes.
Ancient cave peoples treated Migraine with a procedure called Trepanning.
Skulls from primitive man have been found with holes bored in them for brain surgery (called trepanning)
Trepanning or trephining, in which the surgeon drilled a hole as large as 1-2 in diameter in the patient's skull without benefit of anesthesia.
Trepanning which is when a barber or doctor drills a hole in your head to let out the bad spirits. It obviously didn't work and they usually died.
The large opening at the base of the skull is called the foramen magnum. It allows the spinal cord to pass through and connect to the brain.
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