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What is ionic plating?

Updated: 9/18/2023
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13y ago

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Ionic plating is a process that occurs, if conditions otherwise allow, when a metal is in contact with a solution of a salt of a different metal that is lower in the electromotive series than the elemental metal in contact with the solution. Under such conditions, the surface atoms of the elemental metal dissolve to form the salt of that metal, and an electrochemically equivalent mass of the originally dissolved metal ions are reduced to elemental metal that adheres to the surface of the remaining elemental metal. After the entire surface of the originally elemental metal is covered in this way, no more of the elemental metal can dissolve because it is no longer in contact with the solution, being separated from it by a layer of the metal originally dissolved in salt form. Ionic plating is relatively little used in practice, because it can not be controlled as readily as electroplating.

There is also a more general process called "electroless" plating in which ions of the metal desired to be plated are dissolved in a solution together with a reducing agent that does not react readily with the dissolved metal ions directly but does so at the surface of a contacting elemental metal, because the elemental metal catalyzes the reaction between the dissolved metal ions and the dissolved reducing agent. This is widely used in practice for plating objects that are too small to be conveniently connected to an electrode to permit electroplating.

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