What is monoacetylmorphine?

What chemical derivatives of morphine made by reacting morphine with acetic anhydride?

Heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine.

What will make a urine test show positive results for 6-monoacetylmorphine if there is no heroin use?

Poppy seeds.

What are the side effects of smoking black tar heroin?

Black tar can contain a variable percentage of heroin, but despite the name, what makes Black Tar specific as a type is not actually its heroin (diacetylmorphine) content, but rather the greater mixture of lesser acetylated morphine derivatives-predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine) and 3-MAM (3-monoacetylmorphine). This is caused by the use of the antiquated Wright-Beckett process (c. 1874), which produces a relatively crude and unrefined opiate product but does not require the complex lab equipment, high-purity acetylating chemicals or lengthy reflux steps necessary to produce pure heroin, making it attractive to clandestine drug producers.

What type of drug test is administered for heroin?

Enzymes that bind to metabolites (3-monoacetylmorphine, 6-monoacetlymorphine, acetlycodeine) are often used. Sometimes Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry maybe used to detect these metabolites, especially to confirm the results of an enzyme test.

What drugs are like heroin?

Heroin is not a category of drugs, but a specific drug The name "Heroin" actually originated as a brand name for diacetylmorphine (also known as diamorphine), an opiate analgesic chemically derived from morphine. The drug, marketed as "Heroin", was used widely enough in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that the brand name eventually passed into common usage as the name for all diacetlymorphine manufactured, such as tissues are often referred to as Kleenex regardless of band Other opiates are morphine, hydrocodone(Vicodin), oxycodone(OxyContin or Percocet), fentanly, hydromorhone, and methadone

Can a heroin father effect an unborn child?

No. Although heroin may cause miscarriages if pregnant women abuse it too often or too much, a father's sperm cell will not be affected in any way by heroin (though his sperm count may be), because heroin breaks down in the body into morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM). Morphine is a naturally occurring endorphin and can be found in the brain in small amounts along with other endorphins, so really all Heroin does is increase the amount of a chemical the brain is already used to. The resulting addiction and physical effects of heroin ingestion (heroin only, this does not apply to adulterants) are simply due to the body reacting to increased levels of Morphine.

Does Fentanyl show up in urine tests?

Both fentanyl and heroin metabolites will show up as part of a complete work up of the most commonly abused drugs/medications and their metabolites. Fentanyl will show up as the parent drug and its metebolite (norfentanyl) in a confirmatory analytical test (LC/MS/MS) to quantities above rougly 1.0 ng/mL. Not sure about the half life, that is, how long it will show in the urine. Since heroin has a very short half life, only its metabolite (6-monoacetylmorphine or 6MAM) will show up in a urine toxicology screen. Even then, 6MAM has a slightly longer half life than morphine and can stick around in the urine for up to a couple days, depending on the detection limit of the analytical instument. Unfortunately, heroin is ultimately metabolized to morphine and, to a small degree, hydromorphone; therefore, if you're not legally prescribed pain medication, the physician should know you are at the very least misusing pain meds. NB: 6MAM levels can be requested by the MD if he/she has reason to believe the person is getting high.

Can Tylenol 3 and vicodin turn into morphine when you take it?

Are you f*cking stupid? Tylenol 3 is acetaminophen and codiene, and Vicodin is acetaminophen and hydrodone. Simply put, no the worst you'll do by taking both of them is destroy the lining of your stomach from too much acetaminophen, and get f*cked up off the drugs already there. They don't suddenly go through wild unnatural chemical conversions. Atleast know about drugs before you go poppin them.

How long does it take for a prescription opioid to get in your bloodstream?

The immediate effects will typically wear off within a few hours. For purposes of testing, it may be a month or three. If a particular test utilized a sample of hair or nail, it is important to consider when the hair or nail sample formed which can be years ago. Some effects of opiate type drugs such as this can last for years and if prolonged or severe use has occurred, may last for life.

What is the active ingredient in heroin?

The "ingredients" in heroin is merely the drug, heroin (although its chemical name is diacetyl-morphine); the drug got its renown trade name (heroin) shortly after it's discovery/development and it has stuck (for example, in opposition we call morphine by its chemical name; which is morphine, and not by its trade name, or brand name it was sold under when it was first developed). In regards to other added substances in black-market heroin, this varies.. and they generally do not contribute to any of the psychoactive effects (unless an antihistamine is used as a cutting agent, this will cause added sedation and will minorly potentiate the opiate-effects). Quinine is also a common ingredient in black-market heroin. But in general, added substances to heroin vary greatly and are more likely to consist of "fillers" cheaply and readily available to the drug dealer and are therefore impossible to identify without a lab analysis.But calling added substances "ingredients" is somewhat of a misnomer. They are only found in black-market grade heroin (and not "medical grade" heroin, as available in some western countries, although not in the U.S.); and can be seen more as a "contaminant" than an "ingredient", and in fact, a lot of these added substances and the impurity of black-market quality heroin contribute to its major health effects when injected. Since not all substances are meant for injection and can cause complications, or if handling of the drug caused bacterial contamination--regular intravenous use can lead to: stroke, heart attack, gangrene, limb amputation, infection, and/or organ damage (these would not be normal side effects if pure or medical grade heroin were being used, and injected in a safe fashion). To repeat myself, the only ingredient that is supposed to technically be in heroin; is diacteylmorphine.In some instances, if heroin is improperly, inadequately, or poorly synthesized from morphine and opium some left over, unreacted opiate alkaloids or plant matter (originally found in opium, the base material from which heroin is made) may remain in the final product. And in some rare cases, black marketheroin will not actually contain diacetylmorphine at all, but will rather contain a different opiate or opiates. The most common of these substitutes are: morphine, the-more-potent drug fentanyl, other fentanyl derivatives (alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, carfentanil), or the specific fenantyl derivative alpha-methylfentanyl which was the active ingredient in the drug sold as "china white heroin." Because most all opiates are cross tolerant with each other, the user will notice little to no difference in the substitution if the strength is kept relatively stable and if a short-acting opiate is used (if a longer acting opiate is used, the user will notice a less profound "rush"). And of course at some other times, the drug presented as "heroin" wont contain any diacetylmorphine or any opiate at all. (i.e., the user got ripped off!)

What receptors does heroin effect?

Heroin (diacetyl-morphine) by itself has very little effect on receptors in the brain. It's main physiological effects are attributed to the conversion of heroin by the body to its metabolites morphine and/or 6-monoacetylmorphine (depending upon the route of administration of heroin). But for all intents and purposes, this is a just a pharmacological technicality, as most drugs (such as codeine) are not very active in their own right and depend upon metabolism by the liver or other organs to produce the specific effects of the drug.Heroin is an opioidergic drug and thus affects endogenous opioid receptors, acting as an agonist (meaning it plugs into and activates these receptors). It has the highest affinity for the μ-opioid (or "mu-opioid") sub receptor. This specific opioid-receptor is mainly responsible for providing all the classical narcotic effects of most opiate/opioid painkillers, including: pain relief, relaxation of smooth muscle (in the gut), euphoria, and central nervous system depression (which causes reduction in anxiety and hypertension).Like most other opiates, heroin also binds to two other opioid receptors as an agonist. First, it has moderate affinity for the δ- (or "delta-") opioid receptor. The physiological effects of δ opioid receptor agonists is not as fully understood as the other types; but it is thought to play a role in dependence and tolerance; while also providing similar effects to μ-opioid receptors agonists, primarily pain relief and central nervous system depression.Finally, heroin has some-but very low-affinity for the κ-opioid (or "kappa-opioid") receptor. The effects of κ-opioidergic drugs are extremely different than μ- & δ- opioid agonists. Effects include hallucinations, dissociation, delirium, and anesthesia. Most of the effects associated with the μ-opioid receptor do not occur with kappa agonists, including: euphoria, CNS depression, and relaxation of the smooth-muscle in the gut. Opposite to heroin, a substance that strongly binds to κ-opioid receptors, with very little affinity for μ- & δ- receptors, is salvinorin a, the active chemical in Salvia. In the 1970s, κ-opioid agonist drugs were investigated as atypical anesthetics, but were quickly abandoned due to their severely adverse, unpleasant, and hallucinogenic effects. However, heroin's affinity for this opioid receptor is minimal, even at high doses, compared to other opiates such as meperidine, which have far less abuse potential because of kappa-opioid agonist activity at higher doses.Additionally:All drugs that act as μ-opioid agonists, including endogenous endorphins, similarly indirectly impact dopamine and serotonin and induce antidepressant effects. Furthermore, heroin like nearly every other opiate, induces a histamine reaction (it is not known if this is due to an indirect or direct effect at the H1, or histamine, receptors). This can create some-allergic reactions like itchiness. Although other typical allergic-effects like watering-eyes are usually counteracted by μ-opioid agonist effects, which induce dryness in mucus membranes (such as in the mouth and eyes).Note:Unlike other opiates & opioids, heroin has not yet been shown to have any known affinity for other non-opioidergic systems in the brain, such as acting as an antagonist (i.e., a "blocking" agent) at NMDA receptors as seen with methadone (NMDA antagonists reduce glutamate levels and decrease anxiety and in higher doses can cause anesthesia, Ketamine is a potent NMDA antagonist). Heroin also has not been demonstrated to act at nociceptin receptors, like the synthetic-opiate buprenorphine. Nociceptin is a opioid-class receptor, but has opposite physiological effects, acting as an anti-analgesic; however, its overall impact upon opiate pharmacology is not fully understood.