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SOA Resource Records

Every zone contains a Start of Authority (SOA) resource record at the beginning of the zone. SOA resource records include the following fields:

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The Owner , TTL , Class , and Type fields, as described in "Resource Record Format" earlier in this chapter.

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The authoritative server field shows the primary DNS server authoritative for the zone.

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The responsible person field shows the e-mail address of the administrator responsible for the zone. It uses a period (.) instead of an at symbol (@).

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The serial number field shows how many times the zone has been updated. When a zone's secondary server contacts the master server for that zone to determine whether it needs to initiate a zone transfer, the zone's secondary server compares its own serial number with that of the master. If the serial number of the master is higher, the secondary server initiates a zone transfer.

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The refresh field shows how often the secondary server for the zone checks to see whether the zone has been changed.

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The retry field shows how long after sending a zone transfer request the secondary server for the zone waits for a response from the master server before retrying.

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The expire field shows how long after the previous zone transfer the secondary server for the zone continues to respond to queries for the zone before discarding its own zone as invalid.

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The minimum TTL field applies to all the resource records in the zone whenever a time to live value is not specified in a resource record. Whenever a resolver queries the server, the server sends back resource records along with the minimum time to live. Negative responses are cached for the minimum TTL of the SOA resource record of the authoritative zone.

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