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What is teleprinter?

Updated: 9/24/2023
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10y ago

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A teleprinter was how we transmitted written messages before we had computers.

A teleprinter had from one to four components.

First was the printer. It was an impact printer. Some of them had type elements - the Selectric typewriter is like that. Others had a rubber belt with characters set into it. If all you had was the printer, you had an RO - receive only - unit. Newsrooms usually had a row of them, one for each news service they subscribed to.

There were two eras of teleprinter: Baudot and ASCII. A Baudot printer used a start pulse, five data pulses and a stop pulse (which is 1.5 times longer than one of the other pulses, so the unit can tell the difference) to represent a character. Because five bits - 31 different combinations - can't represent 26 letters, 10 digits, a sampling of punctuation and the various codes the system needs to operate, two of the characters were "shift in" and "shift out." The system uses five bits because it was designed to be transmitted with a little device that looks like a toy piano; the operator would press the proper keys for each character, using the fingers of one hand. Later came the ASCII teleprinter, which uses the same code as your computer's keyboard.

If you also had a keyboard you had a Keyboard Send and Receive or KSR. These were exceptionally rare. You got charged per minute you were on line, so you didn't want to sit there and type messages...which brings in two more devices.

The first is the Automatic Send and Receive system, which is a KSR with a paper tape punch/reader unit on it. The Model 40 Teletype replaced the paper tape punch with a cassette tape unit.

The other is the Tape Distributor, which is just a paper tape reader. Quite often a company had a communications center with rows of RO printers and TD units. You would have an ASR to make tapes the comms center would send for you.

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