In 1859 Thomas Skaife designed a camera, the pistolgraph, which by using a very wide aperture lens and relatively small glass plates, could be held in the hand for snapshot exposures - at a time when much heavier, tripod-based, large format cameras were usually used. An original pistolgraph camera is in the collection of the Science Museum, London.
Unknown for certain, but one of the earliest would have been Thomas Skaife's Pistolgraph of 1859 (which was preceeded by an earlier version for different plates in 1858).
Eastman didn't invent the camera, he made it more available to the public by making a camera that used film instead of glass plates. For a little history on the camera and Eastman, click on the related link.
George Eastman (1854-1932) invented a practical roll form of photographic film in 1884 , and founded the Eastman Kodak company. He popularized photography with early hand-held box cameras. His company would create a transparent motion picture film suitable for projection (most roll films were paper backed at that time) in 1889. He also introduced the motion picture standard still in use today... 35mm film with 4 perforations on each side and a 1.33 aspect ratio image area, introduced in 1892.