There are different units for measuring different characteristics: mass, weight, length, area, volume, temperature and so on.
meters
The metre.
The SI unit for measuring weight (the force due to gravity) is the newton.The SI unit for measuring mass is the kilogram.
unit in earth science used for measuring angles in a circle or sphere?
It depends on the scale. For a scale in a chemistry lab probably a gram. For old fashioned stores: a kilogram. Precision scales could be a milligram.There is no real "basic" metric unit for a balance scale. The counterweights you use are determined by the item you are measuring.
Byte=8 Bits, is the basic data measuring unit.
A "cell" is the basic unit of data
The basic unit is Hertz.
Poetic foot is the basic unit of measuring rhythm in poetry.
meters
kelvin
seconds
centegrades or farenheatscale
Length
The most common measurements are milimeters,cm, m ,km .Out of these units the basic unit of measuring the length of pencil is cm.
Ghz (Giga-hertz)
seconds