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The medical term is "hemoptysis," which is officially defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as "the expectoration of blood or bloody mucus from some part of the respiratory tract". This is different from blood that comes from the stomach, for example.

Hemo- is a prefix meaning blood (from the Greek word haima, blood) and ptysis is the Greek word for spitting.

The most common cause of hemoptysis is bronchitis. Other common causes include cystic fibrosis, drug use (such as cocaine), emphysema, foreign body, lung cancer, parasitic infection, pneumonia, trauma to the chest, and tuberculosis.
hemoptysis(hee-MOP-tih-sis) is coughing up of bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of pulminary or bronchial hemorrhage.(hem/o means blood, and -ptysis means spitting.
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The literal term for this is hemoptysis. If there is bleeding from the airways or lungs the sputum becomes blood tinged. This is more serious. If a person spits blood it can be due to bleeding inside the mouth or nose.

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