Earths atmosphere is made up mostly of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The atmosphere is above the earth.
Yes, the earth does have an atmosphere. Part of it is the air you breathe.
Which spheres are zones of Earth's atmosphere
Gravity hold the atmosphere to the Earth. But other factors do cause earth to loose some atmosphere to space continuously.
methane and carbon dioxide
convection
Apparently an electromagnet, if that's what you mean, since the current is believed to be the result of currents flowing in Earth's interior.
Oparin believed that there was one molecule lightning strike and then the gases developed
Miller took molecules which were believed to represent the major components of the early Earth's atmosphere and put them into a closed system .
Mainly the fact that nitrogen is largely inert.
As the current theory states - yes.
It protects the Earth from ultraviolet rays or U.V rays.
In the Earth's crust, that would be aluminium (or aluminum). The Earth's core is believed to have large amounts of iron and nickel, but those are inaccessible with current technology.
Miller took molecules which were believed to represent the major components of the early Earth's atmosphere and put them into a closed system .
The atmosphere is above the earth.
Cyanobacteria are believed to be responsible for establishing Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere. Nearly 2.3 billion years ago, these microbes, which lived in the seas, were the first organisms to produce oxygen, leading to the transformation of the Earth's environment.
Earth isn't in the atmosphere - the atmosphere is part of Earth.